論島嶼在海域劃界中之地位 ─兼論釣魚台及其東海劃界問題

Islands in the Maritime Boundary Delimitation ─A Case Study on the Disputes over the Diaoyutai Islands and the Maritime Delimitation in the East China Sea

林香吟(Hsiang-Yin Lin)

指導教授 ： 楊永明

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01701

摘要

島嶼所享有海域空間的能力及其對國際海洋疆界線的影響，在1982年《海洋法公約》的單一條文出現之前，即為長期具有爭議性的問題，尤其是島嶼在海域劃界中的效力問題更是國際法關注的焦點。《海洋法公約》中的「島嶼制度」確定了島嶼的定義及島嶼所享有的海域空間，但條文本身的規範過於簡單而導致了適用上的困難。此外，《海洋法公約》並沒有針對島嶼在海域劃界中的地位做出任何規定，而使得島嶼劃界效力問題只能留給習慣法解決。根據廣泛的國際司法案例及國家實踐，島嶼的劃界效力大致上可分為全效力、部分效力及零效力，而不同的劃界效力則取決於島嶼性質、島嶼位置及政經考量、交換價值、有主權爭議等其它因素。本文最後並試圖以島嶼制度的規定，及相關國際司法判例和雙邊劃界協定的實踐，探討釣魚台群島在東海海域劃界中所應享有之劃界地位，並主張釣魚台群島可能享有的劃界效力為零效力或至多僅具有12海里海域，以期為極為複雜的東海劃界困局提供解決前景。

關鍵字

海洋法公約 ； 島嶼 ； 劃界效力 ； 釣魚台群島 ； 東海

並列摘要

The capacity of islands to generate maritime zones and to influence the location of international maritime boundaries was a long-term dispute long before a single provision in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Particularly, the problem of the effect of the islands' delimitation in the sea had attracted the attention of international law. Regime of Islands in the UNCLOS has confirmed the legal definition of an island and its entitlement. However, the rules of the provision are too simple to be applied. In addition, the UNCLOS leaves open the function of the islands in the maritime delimitation. Therefore, the effect of the islands’ delimitation can only be found in the customary law. According to the numerous international judicial legal precedents and state practices, it is full effect, partial effect and zero effect that the islands could possibly obtain in delimitation, and it is the nature and position of the islands and other factors including economic and political consideration, trade-off value, disputed islands and so on that influence the effect of the islands’ delimitation in the sea. At last, this essay attempts to analysis the possible effect of Diaoyutai Islands in the maritime delimitation of the East China Sea in terms of the regime of islands in the UNCLOS and international judicial legal precedents and bilateral agreements concerning maritime boundaries involved. Both case law and state practices seem to suggest that the most appropriate and most likely effect of Diaoyutai Islands on the delimitation of the East China Sea may be no effect or at most be limited to circa 12 nautical miles. This value, if accepted, could certainly help to bring some solution to the complicated deadlock of the maritime delimitation in the East China Sea.

並列關鍵字

UNCLOS ； islands ； effect ； Diaoyutai Islands ； East China Sea

參考文獻

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