外籍家庭工作者勞動條件與身心健康之初探研究

Working Conditions and Health in Foreign Domestic Workers in Taiwan : An Exploratory Study

陳映竹(Yin-Tzu Chen)

指導教授 ： 鄭雅文

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/衛生政策與管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01793

摘要

自1992年開放外籍家庭工作者（含外籍家庭幫傭與外籍家庭監護工）起，外籍家庭工的人數逐年增加，至今已超過13萬名。來台從事家務照顧工作的她們因工作本身的特質而被勞基法排除，因此在勞動條件不受保障的情況下，她們的勞動條件與身心健康情形是本研究想要關心的主題。
　　本研究族群的範圍為：越、菲、印三國的外籍家庭工作者，研究設計以質性訪談瞭解外籍家庭工作者的工作情境，訪談的樣本來源為12位朋友家中的家庭外勞；以量性調查瞭解她們勞動條件與身心健康的分佈情形，調查的樣本來源為231位參與外勞活動招募之自願者，研究期間為2005年2月到10月。
研究發現菲籍、越籍與印籍的家庭工社會背景的分佈截然不同，與我們往往將她們視為同質化的想像，差異甚大。雖然在不同的雇主家庭工作，但她們的勞動條件卻普遍不佳，擬家人式的關係使得外籍家庭工容易將照顧工作視為責任，而非工作，因此雖可能減緩她們的壓力感受，卻也阻礙改善勞動條件的可能。
外籍家庭工作者的勞動條件優劣雖與雇主家庭的對待態度息息相關，但卻是因為現行外勞政策給了雇主任意使用外籍家庭工勞動力的空間。因此，本研究針對外勞政策提出取消禁止轉換雇主的規定、推動家事服務法立法以及提供外籍家庭工喘息服務等三項建議。

關鍵字

外籍勞工 ； 勞動條件 ； 身心健康 ； 家務工作

並列摘要

Since 1992, the year in which the import of foreign domestic workers was legalized in Taiwan, the number of foreign domestic workers, which consist of domestic helpers and caregivers, has steadily increased. Currently, there have been more than 130,000 foreign domestic workers in Taiwan. While they devote themselves to people in need of care in Taiwan, the Labor Standard Law of Taiwan nevertheless excludes this population because of the nature of care work in a private family environment. This study was designed to explore their working conditions, and physical and psychological health status in this population.
Domestic workers who came from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam were studied. This study consists of two parts. In the first part, we carried out qualitative interviews with 12 workers, who were recruited through personal network. In the second part, a quantitative questionnaire survey was carried out to explore the working conditions and health status in this population. Researchers approached foreign workers who participated in some social events, and a total of 231 workers agreed to participate in this survey and returned complete questionnaires during the period from February to October in 2005.
In this study, we found that foreign domestic workers came from very diverse cultural and social backgrounds, yet most Taiwanese people see them as a homogeneous group. Despite that they work in individual families with different family structures and work context, it seems that inadequate working conditions are a universal phenomenon. Their role as a pseudo-family member makes them view their work more like a responsibility in a family, and less like a paid work. Such a work attitude may buffer their stress perception, but at the same time makes it more difficult for them to claim their own rights as a worker.
The working conditions of foreign domestic workers are closely linked to the attitudes and behaviors of individual hiring families. Our policy gives these hiring families an absolute power to determine how to use these workers, leaving room for potential abuse. To enhance the work and health welfares of foreign domestic workers in Taiwan, we have three suggestions for policy consideration. First, we suggest to cancel the restriction that prohibits foreign workers from transferring freely to other employer. Secondly, we suggest to make effort on the legislation of the “Domestic Service Act”. And lastly, how to provide break services to all family caregivers – either Taiwanese or foreign, and paid or unpaid – deserves more consideration.

並列關鍵字

foreign workers ； working conditions ； health ； domestic service

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