臺灣家庭社經地位與無菸家庭關係之變遷

Trends in the Relationship between Familial Socioeconomic Status and Smoke-Free Families in Taiwan

張心潔(Hsin-Chieh Chang)

指導教授 ： 江東亮教授

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/衛生政策與管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01813

摘要

背景：臺灣在1987年開放洋菸進口與菸品促銷，加速政府與民間團體共同持續推動拒菸工作，菸害防制法於1997年通過後開始實施。

目標：描述無菸家庭的成長趨勢，並且探討家庭社經地位與無菸家庭關係之變遷。

方法：本研究以家庭為分析單位。分析資料來自主計處1976年、1990年與2003年的「臺灣地區家庭收支調查」，分別有9461、16434、13,681樣本戶。

結果：臺灣無菸家庭率在1976年、1990年與2003年持續上升，分別為19.83％、32.75％、與55.0％。家戶收入在第五分位、戶長教育程度在大專以上、戶長職業為白領的家庭，率先接受拒菸概念、採納戒菸行為，其無菸家庭率率先上升。隨著整體無菸家庭率持續上升，臺灣吸菸不平等現象有逐漸擴大的趨勢。複回歸分析則顯示：家戶收入對於無菸家庭的作用隨著年代而減弱，相對而言，戶長教育程度是無菸家庭最重要的決定因子。

結論：隨著反菸運動與拒菸意識持續發展，臺灣的無菸家庭率持續上升。不同社經地位的家庭，其吸菸不平等現象有逐漸擴大的趨勢。

關鍵字

家庭社經地位 ； 無菸家庭 ； 變遷

並列摘要

Background: The market opening to foreign cigarette brands has evoked the anti-smoking movement in Taiwan since 1987. With continuing efforts of Taiwan’s Department of Health and non-governmental organizations and, the Tobacco Hazard Control Act went into effect in 1997.

Objectives: We examine trends in the relationship between familial socioeconomic stastus and smoke-free families in Taiwan.

Methods: Data on the smoking status and socioeconomic characteristics of family came from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan, with a nationally representative sample of 9,461, 16,434, 13,681 households for index year 1976, 1990 and 2003 respectively.

Results: The prevalence of smoke-free family in Taiwan has increased from 19.9% in 1976, 32.8% in 1990, to 55.0% in 2003. Rich families and families with a highly educated or white-collar household head were early adopters to become smoke-free. Accordingly, the social disparities of smoke-free families have become worse in Taiwan. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the education of the household head has become stronger in determining the smoke-free status, compared to the diminishing effects of family income.

Conclusions: The prevalence of smoke-free families in Taiwan has been increasing over the past 30 years, whereas the social disparities of smoke-free families have continued widening.

並列關鍵字

socioeconomic status ； smoke-free family ； trend

參考文獻

4. 呂宗學：所得與道路交通事故死亡率關係之研究。臺北：國立臺灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所博士論文，2006。

7. 林宜平，呂宗學：社經因素在流行病學研究之角色。臺灣衛誌 2004;23:335-7.

5. 李宜家、林慧淳、江東亮：地區剝奪程度、個人社經地位與台灣男性成人的吸菸行為。臺灣衛誌 2003;22:10-6。

6. 李蘭、潘怜燕：台灣地區成年人之吸菸率與吸菸行為：八十八年度之全國性調查。中華衛誌 2000;19:423-36。

57. US Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking and health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, 1964.