工作負荷對工作－家庭衝突及家庭滿意度之影響：夫妻配對APIM模式之比較

The Impact of Workload on Work-Family Conflict and Family Satisfaction: Spouse Comparison using the Actor -Partner Interdependence Model

鄧詩宜(Shih-Yi Teng)

指導教授 ： 陸洛

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.11087

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解工作負荷、WFC與家庭滿意度之關聯性，以及在婚姻關係中個體之WFC對其自身、配偶的家庭滿意度之影響力是否具有顯著差異。本研究以工作要求中的「工作負荷」為自變項、「WFC」為中介變項，探討對「家庭滿意度」結果變項的影響，並在此研究架構上探討夫妻之間的相互跨界效果及影響力差異。

本研究以臺灣地區全職工作者為樣本，並以夫妻為資料收集單位，進行結構性問卷的施測，採便利取樣，共回收490份有效問卷。透過結構方程模式分析顯示，個體之工作負荷會透過WFC對家庭滿意度有顯著的負向影響，然而夫妻兩者在WFC對家庭滿意度的影響力上並無存在顯著差異。除此之外，本研究也發現跨界效果的存在，即無論夫妻，其自身的WFC皆會與其配偶的家庭滿意度有顯著負向關聯，但此跨界效果卻無顯著的性別差異，代表妻子的WFC對丈夫的家庭滿意度影響並不會高於丈夫的WFC對妻子的家庭滿意度影響力。最後，本研究原預期外溢效果的影響力會高於跨界效果，即個體對自身的影響力會高於配偶對自己的影響力，然而根據研究結果顯示，兩者其實並無存在顯著差異。

關鍵字

工作負荷 ； 工作－家庭衝突 ； 家庭滿意度 ； 跨界效果 ； 性別差異

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between workload, WFC and family satisfaction. In addition, the study also examined whether in a marital relationship the effect of an individual’s WFC on his/ her own family satisfaction and the spouse’s family satisfaction will have a significant difference. The study used workload as the independent variable and WFC as the mediator in order to (a) explore their main effects on family satisfaction and (b) investigate the mutual crossover effects and their differences between husbands and wives in the framework of this study.

By using structured questionnaires and the convenience sampling method, the study collected valid responses from 490 full-time workers in Taiwan, which equals to 245 couples. The structural equation modeling showed that individual's workload has a significant negative impact on family satisfaction through WFC. However, husbands and wives do not have a significant difference on the effects of WFC on family satisfaction. In addition, this study also found that mutual crossover effects do exist. It means that an individual’s WFC negatively influences his/her spouse’s family satisfaction. Nevertheless, different from our expectations, no significant gender differences exist in these crossover effects, which represents that the impact of wives’ WFC on husbands’ family satisfaction would not be higher than that of husbands’ WFC on wives’ family satisfaction. Finally, the study originally expected that influences of the spillover effects to be higher than that of the crossover effects. However, the result revealed that no significant difference exists between them.

並列關鍵字

workload ； work-to-family conflict (WFC) ； family satisfaction ； crossover ； gender differences

參考文獻

彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽（2006）：〈管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救〉。《管理學報》，23卷1期，頁77-98。

陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁（2005）：〈工作與家庭的雙向衝突：前因、後果及調節變項之探討〉。《應用心理研究》，27期，頁133-166。

Adams, G. A., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 411-420.

Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.5.2.278

Aryee, S., Luk, V., Leung, A., & Lo, S. (1999). Role stressors, interrole conflict, and well-being: The moderating influence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 259-278.