東部發達省份小城鎮的城市化及農業現代化之可能
—以浙江諸暨兩個鎮為例

本文為調查型論文。首先簡述了東部發達地區鄉鎮工業與小城鎮互動發展的歷程、以浙江為代表的各省政府為了破解小城鎮政府的管理許可權與當地經濟社會發展不相適應的狀況而作的“強鎮擴權”及小城市培育試點改革，以及各地仍存在諸多較不發達農業城鎮的現實。其次，介紹了學者在浙江“強鎮擴權”改革開始一段時間後對這一改革所作的4項調查與研究，包括：1）27個試點鎮的發展階段、產業集群水準、人口和產業集聚特徵、產業發展階段，以及小城市培育的路徑；2）試點鎮在小城市培育過程中面臨的問題，以及需要配套的政策措施；3）對浙江溫州“強鎮擴權”的調查與評價；4）關於發達地區鄉鎮產業集群與小城鎮互動發展的研究。筆者之所以選擇兩個經濟發展水準懸殊的城鎮進行調研，原因為：諸暨市店口鎮為浙江省27個小城市培育試點鎮之一，且人均GDP在這27個鎮當中最高；諸暨市趙家鎮屬典型的農業鎮，未能在鄉鎮工業大發展的上世紀八九十年代有明顯作為，但有著特色農產品及豐厚的旅遊資源。調研目的是探知店口的城市化努力與困難，包括所需的政策資源；以及趙家這樣的農業鄉鎮能否避免大興土木地搞“城鎮化建設”，而理性地利用其資源稟賦，發展旅遊業與特色農業，從而也實現小康。本文主體部分為今年7月底在這兩個城鎮所作的調研，並且對每一方面的調研內容，以城市經濟學、區域經濟學的視角進行分析評論。此次調研歷時3天，共採訪20人。本文以兩種方式對此次調研進行了總結：一是採訪諸暨市政府的經濟智囊，請其對當地的城鎮經濟和城市化作總結，二為筆者根據調研情況得出結論：店口在多數方面確已達到一個小城市的水準，公共服務均等化方面甚至優於國內大部分大中城市，產業資本對當地城市化具有很大推動作用，必須讓這樣的東部城鎮在行政體制上躍升為真正的城市、自主支配更多要素資源，方能滿足其產業、社會發展的需要。而趙家鎮應該依託其身處長三角的經濟地理背景，走農業現代化之路，繼續發展農產品加工業，吸引旅遊業投資，開發其人文旅遊資源，這類農業地區的鄉鎮不應再以工業化為目標，而應回歸並保持基層公共服務中心、農產品交易中心的定位。

關鍵字

城市化；小城市培育；強鎮擴權；農業現代化

並列摘要

This investigative thesis states at the beginning the interactive development of rural industries and small townships in eastern costal China, then the efforts made by these provincial governments to resolve the imbalance between small townships’ power and the tremendous changes in local economy and society. The thesis also mentions the fact that there still exist many underdeveloped agricultural townships in eastern China. Four other investigations and researches on Zhejiang Province’s reforming named “power expansion of developed towns” are introduced in the next part. They are: 1)state of development, industrial clusters’ level, characteristics of population agglomeration and industry agglomeration, and method of small-city-cultivation of all the 27 demonstration towns, 2)problems the demonstration towns facing in the small-city-cultivation, and the policies they need, 3)the investigation and comment on the power expansion of developed towns in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 4)research on the interactive development between rural industrial clusters and townships in coastal provinces of China. Two small towns with different economic development levels are chosen in the writer’s investigation. Diankou Town of Zhu ji City has the highest GDP per capita in all the 27 demonstration towns. Zhao jia Town of Zhu ji City is a typical agricultural town; it didn’t make great achievements during the industrialization era in 1980s and 1990s but its local specialties and travel resources are unique. The investigation is to explore Diankou’s efforts, difficulties and the policies needed in its urbanization, as well as whether agricultural towns like Zhaojia can avoid excessive infrastructure construction. The proper way for Zhaojia’s prosperity-achieving is to make use of its resources rationally and to develop tourism and characteristic agriculture. The main part of this thesis is the investigation of the above-mentioned two towns made at the end of July, 2015. During the three-day investigation, 20 people were interviewed. Comments and analysis on every aspect of the investigation is based on urban economics and regional economics. Summarization of the thesis is carried out in two ways. One is an interview of Zhuji government’s top economic adviser, who briefed on the city’s rural economy and urbanization. The other is the conclusion based on the investigation: Diankou is a small city when examined from most angles. The public service equality in this town is even more obvious than most big and medium-sized cities in China. The industry capital here has pushed forward the town’s urbanization evidently. To meet the increasing demands of local industries and society, such eastern coastal towns want to utilize key resources at their own will and rise to the level of city in China’s administrative system. And Zhaojia should modernize its agriculture by making full use of its economic-geographical position in Yangtze River Delta. The town’s agro-processing industry is promising. More tourism investment should be made to exploit is cultural tourism resources. Such agricultural towns shall not follow industrialization way. The better position for them is the center of rural public service and agricultural products trade.

並列關鍵字

Urbanization ； Small-city-cultivation ； Power Expansion of Developed Towns ； Modernization of Agriculture

參考文獻

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