影響勞動人口身體活動的因素--以傳統產業員工為例

Physical Activity and Its Determinants among Workers—A Case of Traditional Industry’s Employees

張淑紅(Shu-Hung Chang)

指導教授 ： 張玨

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/衛生政策與管理研究所/博士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02061

摘要

背景：增加身體活動對於健康有相當多的利益，而WHO也早在1997年即將健康體能列為高經濟效益的公共衛生介入措施之一。但身體活動不足仍是一個全球性共通的問題，特別是工作人口。
目的：探討傳統產業員工的身體活動概況及其影響因素。方法：採橫斷性研究，包括量性與質性資料的收集，研究工具分別為問卷以及半結構的訪談指引。量性資料收集了930份問卷資料，質性部分訪談41位。
結果：大部分的受訪者為女性、已婚、受過高中職教育。在身體活動方面，費力性身體活動、中等費力身體活動、身體活動量不足以及規律運動等比率皆不如台灣民眾樣本。上述各種身體活動皆存在性別差異，男性比率均優於女性。員工身體活動受到個人基本變項、社會心理、人際支持、工作特質以及職場環境政策等因素的影響。同時也深受員工認知以及過去經驗的影響。
結論：建議未來健康政策制定者應考量到女性與男性在身體活動定義與需求的差異。也須考量藍領員工與白領員工身體活動之需求差異。未來資方應該要提供職場更多元的健康促進方案以及增進身體活動的物理環境及社會心理環境。

關鍵字

身體活動 ； 職場員工 ； 勞動人口 ； 環境政策 ； 工作性質 ； 性別差異

並列摘要

Background: There are many health benefits to increase physical activity. WHO suggested that physical activity was one of the most cost-effective public health interventions in 1997. But physical inactivity is a global common problem especially in working population.
Purposes: This study aimed to investigate the physical activity and correlates among employees who work in a traditional industry.
Methods: This cross-sectional study consisting of quantitative and qualitative phases. 930 employees were recruited for the quantitative phase, and 41 employees among them were interviewed for the qualitative phase. Questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data.
Results: Most subjects were married female with high school education. The prevalence rates of four types physical activities (vigorous activity, moderate activity, lack of physical activity, regular exercise) were worse than Taiwan’s general population sample. There were gender differences in all above physical activities, male had better physical activity prevalence rates. The findings indicated that the employees’ physical activity were influenced by demographic variables, psychosocial factors, social supports, working conditions, and environment-policy factors among worksite, and deeply associated with the employees’ cognitive and past experiences.
Conclusion: The findings strongly suggest that health policy maker be recognizant that the female employees’ definition and need of physical activity could be different from male. Also, blue-collar employees’ need of physical activity can be different from white-collar employees. In future, the employers should provide more health promotion plans, and improve physical and psychosocial environment in worksite.

並列關鍵字

Physical activity ； Employee ； Worker ； Environment-policy ； Working conditions ； Gender difference

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