兒童圖書館機器人外觀與個人空間相關性之研究

Determination of active personal space based on appearance when interacting with a library robot

許文馨(Wen-Hsin Hsu)

指導教授 ： 林維真

國立臺灣大學/文學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.02664

摘要

兒童讀者為公共圖書館主要的使用者族群之一。於生理上他們常因身高限制或是資訊素養的不足而須仰賴成人的協助，而於心理上他們亦習慣身旁有人陪伴，與父母或圖書館員一同使用圖書館服務。然而圖書館員礙於人力成本的限制，無法在同一時間服務所有讀者，經常使得兒童讀者的圖書館使用需求無法被滿足，或遭遇障礙。基於上述背景，本研究藉由引進圖書館機器人服務，提供陪伴、引導與圖書館利用指導，以滿足兒童讀者的需求與降低圖書館員的工作負擔。過去雖有相關文獻探討人與機器人互動情形，但多以瞭解互動態度為主，關注兒童之閱讀與資訊行為的相關研究較少。本研究以兒童讀者為主要研究對象，探討圖書館機器人與兒童讀者的互動空間與態度，並考慮兒童的性別、年齡等生理發展狀況，以及性別態度、社會化等心理發展情形，以進一步探討圖書館機器人在兒童進行高層次閱讀與資訊互動行為時的功能與角色。

本研究共招募77位臺北市國小三至六年級學童，將其隨機分配至各組別與不同外觀機器人在圖書館中互動。透過受測者在實驗過程中所保持的個人空間與事後填寫的問卷態度，來分析受測者對於機器人的想法。根據研究結果，受測者對於機器人抱持正面的態度，且在與機器人互動時感到自在。而其中發現機器人外觀會影響兒童讀者與機器人之間的互動：與擬人化外觀機器人互動的受測者所保持的個人空間較與擬機械外觀機器人互動的受測者近，與此距離內互動暗指受測者視圖書館為私密空間，並認為機器人為親密好友。此外，兒童讀者的性別亦會影響互動過程，當與機器人互動時兒童偏向與自己同性別之機器人在較近的空間中互動，且女孩對機器人保持更為正面的態度。本研究在樣本資料收集與測量上突破先前研究之困難，提供兒童讀者與圖書館機器人互動之實證研究支持，對於圖書館引入機器人服務也能做為參考，期望在研究與實務上都能發揮價值。

關鍵字

圖書館機器人 ； 兒童讀者服務 ； 個人空間

並列摘要

The child patron is one of the major user groups in the public library. Physically, they often need adults’ help to access library services because of height’s limits or lack of library information literacy; psychologically, they are used to be accompanied by adults or librarians when using the services in the library. However, due to the limit of human resources costs, librarians cannot serve all users in one time. This results in the dissatisfy of library need of child patrons

Based on the above background, this study provides accompanying, guide and the instruction of library use to meet child patrons’ need and to reduce librarians’ workload by introducing the library robot service. Although there were researches about the interaction between human and robot, these researches mainly focused on investigating the attitude of interaction, but not on the reading and information behaviors of children. This study used child patrons as the main object to investigate the personal space and attitude between the library robot and child patrons. Also, considering the children’s physiological development, such as gender and age, and their psychological development, such as gender role and socialization, this study further explored the function and role that the library robot played when child patrons were doing high level of reading and information interacting behaviors.

This study recruited 77 elementary students from 3rd-6th grade from Taipei city and assigned them randomly to interact with robots with different appearances in the library. The personal space that the participants kept with different appearance robots and the attitude they had to the robot were recorded and analyzed. The result showed that the participants had positive attitude to the robots and felt comfort when interacting with robots. What’s more, the appearance of robots would affect the interaction process: the one that interacted with human-like robot kept the personal space closer than the one that interacted with machine-like robot. This space indicated that the participants took the library as a private space and thought the robot as their close friend. Besides, the gender of the participants would also affect the personal space and the attitude that the participants had to the robot. Child patrons tend to keep the personal space from the robot closer when robots were the same genders as they were. Also, the girl had more positive attitude than the boy as well.

This study broke through past difficulties of the collection and measurement of sample data and provided the empirical research of the interaction of child patrons and library robots. The results can also be the reference when introducing the robot service to the library.

並列關鍵字

library robot ； reader service for children ； personal space

參考文獻

董芳武（2013）。兒童對人形機器人之感知與評價研究。設計學報，18（3）， 23-39。

周麗芳、鄭伯壎、陳靜慧、任金剛、許金田（2005）。華人高階管理者網絡中的 特殊連帶與人際情感：深層心理契合與正式工作關係的效果。本土心理學研究，23，201-257。

蘇國榮（2013）。淺談兒童室的規劃：以花師圖書館兒童室為例。2013年9月13 日。取自：http://www.wenkiang.com.tw/su6.htm

臺北市立圖書館（2012）。解讀2012臺北人閱讀行為及借閱排行榜。2013年8 月30日。取自：http://www.tpml.edu.tw/public/Attachment/31281449162.pdf

Balasuriya, J.C., Watanabe, K., and Pallegedara, A. (2007). ANFIS based active personal space for autonomous robots in ubiquitous environments. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 523-528.