蝴蝶蘭開花期礦物元素組成變化與肥料需求

Changes of Mineral Composition and Fertilizer Requirement of Phalaenopsis during Reproductive Stages

雷欣怡(Hsin-Yi Lei)

指導教授 ： 張耀乾

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02129

摘要

摘 要
為瞭解臺灣蝴蝶蘭於催花期間之礦物元素消長情形，本試驗將臺灣蝴蝶蘭（Phal. amabilis var formosa）置於臺灣大學人工氣候室（phytotron）、日/夜溫 25/20℃之自然光照室進行低溫催花。藉由定期進行植株取樣，並分析各器官中礦物元素含量。催花後第14天，上位葉中氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、錳、鋅各元素濃度與含量呈持平或減少趨勢，下位葉則是增加。催花後第28-56天（花梗發育期），花梗上述各元素含量持續增高，濃度則下降，花梗中鉀的濃度與含量較其他元素多。催花後第84-126天（花苞發育至盛花期），下位葉鉀含量顯著下降，花朵中鉀含量則隨發育、成熟而增加，且增加量較花梗多。
臺灣蝴蝶蘭植株花序萎凋後營養生長恢復期間，上位葉中氮、鉀、鈣、鎂與錳含量顯著增加；根部各元素濃度與含量則呈減少趨勢。低溫處理期間持續剪除花梗植株，與未剪除花梗植株於花序萎凋階段同時取樣，經植體元素分析後，剪除花梗植株與其他植株相較，所有器官各元素含量皆有較高趨勢，根部與短縮莖尤其顯著。
另為瞭解不同氮、磷、鉀肥濃度對臺灣蝴蝶蘭花朵品質、壽命與營養生長之影響，以含有不同氮、磷、鉀濃度之液體肥料進行為期二個開花周的處理。結果顯示於第一開花周期，各處理對至抽梗、花苞可見、第一朵花開所需天數及花朵直徑、數目與壽命等均無顯著影響。然植株總葉面積、新生葉片數則隨氮肥(0、7.1、14.3、21.6 mM)、鉀肥(0、2.1、4.2、6.4 mM)濃度的提高而增加。1.4 mM磷肥處理可促進植株地上部生長，使總乾重增加，但當濃度提高至2.1 mM，地上部乾重不升反降且落葉率增加。鉀肥濃度由0 mM增加至6.4 mM，植株鮮重、乾重隨之增加。未施氮肥植株落葉率最高，隨氮、鉀肥濃度增加落葉減少。於第一開花周期後分析植體礦物元素，植體中氮、磷、鉀元素之濃度與含量，會與施用的肥料中該元素濃度成正相關。另外，隨肥料中鉀濃度增加，植體地上部鈣與鎂濃度隨之減少。
不同氮、磷、鉀肥濃度對第二開花周期，至抽梗、抽梗至花苞可見、抽梗到第一朵花開日數與花朵壽命無顯著影響。不同磷肥處理對花朵直徑與大小無顯著影響；隨肥料中鉀濃度增加，花梗直徑與花朵數增加，但4.2及6.4 mM兩處理無顯著差異。隨氮肥濃度由增加，植株總鮮重、總乾重、總葉面積與總新生葉片數隨之增。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 營養 ； 花朵品質

並列摘要

Summary
To understand the changes of mineral composition in Phalaenopsis amabilis var formosa during reproductive stages. Forcing treatment of Phal. amabilis var formosa was conducted in a natural-light phytotron at day/night temperature of 25/20℃ at National Taiwan University (Taipei, Taiwan.) Through periodically sampling and mineral composition analysis. Fourteen days after forcing treatment, the concentration and content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc in upper leaves remained constant or in decrease, while increased in lower leaves. 28-65 days after forcing treatment (stalk developing stage), content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc in stalks maintained increased, but the concentration was decreased. The concentration and content of potassium in stalks was highest, compared to other elements. 84-126 days after forcing treatment (bud growth to flowering period), potassium content in lower leaves significantly decreased, but increased in flowers with development; moreover, the increment was higher than stalks.
From flowers senescence to recover stage, nitrogen, content of potassium, calcium and manganese in lower leaves of Phal. amabilis var formosa were increased significantly, but concentration and content of mineral elements in roots were decreased. Sampling the treatment of stalks excision and flowers senescence at the same time. After mineral composition analysis, all organs had more content of all element in the treatment of stalks excision than flowers senescence; among all, stem and roots had the greatest increment.
To understand the effect of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in fertilizer on flower quality, longevity and vegetative growth of Phal. amabilis var formosa, used different concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization for two flowering cycles. During first flowering cycle, all treatments had no effect on days to spiking, days to bud visible or days to first flowering, neither on diameter, number and longevity of flowers. However, total leaf areas and number of newly formed leaves of plants increased as nitrogen (0, 7.1, 14.3, 21.6 mM) and potassium (0, 2.1, 4.2, 6.4 mM) concentration increased. Applied 1.4 mM phosphorus can promote total dry weight, but increasing to 2.1 mM phosphorus was decreased it, and increased percentage of leaf abscission. Increasing concentration of potassium from 0 mM to 6.4 mM increased fresh and dry weight of plant. Applied with 0 mM nitrogen treatment resulted in highest leaf abscission rate, when increasing nitrogen and potassium concentration, abscission rate was reduced. After first flowering cycle, to analysis of mineral composition of plants, a positive relation was found between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in plant tissues and fertilizer. However, increasing potassium concentration in fertilizer, there is a decrease of calcium and magnesium in shoots.
During second flowering cycle, days to spiking, days to from spiking to bud visible, and days to from spiking to first flowering were not affected by different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration. Phosphorus concentration level had no effect on flower diameter and size. Increasing potassium concentration can promote stalk diameter and number of flowers, but concentration of 4.2 or 6.4 mM had no significant difference. Increasing nitrogen concentration increased total fresh weight, total dry weight, total leaf areas and number of newly formed leaves.

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis ； mineral compisition ； flower quality

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