我國公務員貪污之彈劾與懲戒制度研究 （1999年2月至2005年1月）

A Research on Impeachment and Disciplinary System of Public Officials’ embezzlement in the Republic of China （1999.2－2005.1）

項宗慈(Tsung-Tzu Hsiang)

指導教授 ： 葛永光

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.02103

摘要

中文摘要
政治上的貪污，間接影響經商的環境，使得商人的成本增加，連帶的社會笑貧不笑貪。台灣的貪污問題，據國際透明組織全球貪腐印象指數，2001年台灣第27名，到了2007年第34名，排名逐漸滑落，因此在2000年政黨輪替後，台灣貪污的問題更加嚴重。
本論文採法律研究途徑及新制度主義研究途徑，並以文獻分析法、個案研究法及訪談研究法，探討：第一、三權分立與五權分立之監察制度，以五權分立的監察制度，符合權力分立的原理，且適合我國的現況及國情。第二、監察院的獨立性與公務員懲戒委員會的法院化，在監察院的獨立性方面，可分為體制性獨立、個人性獨立、功能性獨立，在公務員懲戒委員會的法院化方面，依大法官第396號及第530號解釋，公務員懲戒委員會要法院化，惟公務員懲戒委員會有不同的聲音。第三、我國公務員貪污之彈劾，先從制度面分析，公務員貪污彈劾之對象、原因、程序，再從實務面之個案分析，以第3屆監察委員彈劾的個案為範圍（88年2月至94年1月）。第四、我國公務員貪污之懲戒，先從制度面分析，公務員貪污懲戒之對象、原因、程序，再從實務面之個案分析，包括監察院移送及主管機關移送之懲戒案。第五、就彈劾與懲戒現存的問題之探討，並專訪周陽山教授、第2、3屆監察委員李伸一、公務員懲戒委員會柯慶賢委員。此外，公務員貪污有刑事責任及行政責任，本論文以公務員貪污的行政責任為中心，旁及刑事、彈劾、懲戒的三角習題與關連性。
新政府上台，新政待舉，擬於各機關設立廉政委員會，新制度固然讓人耳目一新，但舊制度的缺失，若不迎刃而解，是新政府不願面對的問題。面對現存貪污問題，對症下藥，遠比設立新單位，又未必能解決問題，更經濟實惠。本論文對公務員貪污，現存彈劾、懲戒之問題及制度，提出野人現曝的管見，或不成熟，尚請 各方指正。

關鍵字

公務員 ； 貪污 ； 彈劾 ； 懲戒 ； 監察制度 ； 公務員懲戒委員會

並列摘要

Abstract
Frankly speaking, corruption always influences business environment, because it indirectly increases the cost of businessmen, and in modern times it may twists our moral standard and think that the corrupted is better than the poor. According to the Index of International Transparency Organization, the impression of corruption in Taiwan was placed the 27th in the world in 2001. However in 2007, Taiwan became the 34th, this shows that corruption in Taiwan is getting more and more serious in recent years after the Democratic Progressive Party took over the power in 2000.
This report adopts the analytical method of law and the principle of new system, it includes research method such as case study, interviews and discussions. the report can be divided into 5 parts;
(I) The comparison of the Western three-power constitution and the supervision system of the five-power constitution, judging from the historical backgrounds and social political structure, the five-power system (which was established by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1912) is more suitable to the present political situation in Taiwan.
(II) As a matter of fact, the independence of the Control Yuan and empowerment of the Official Disciplinary Punishment Committee (公務員懲戒委員會) are two important systems to supervise and punish political corruption. The independent function of the Control power is clearly stipulated in the five-power Constitution of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and independence of individual member of the Control Yuan has been highly praised and respected in Taiwan. According to the Judicial Explanation No.396 and No.530 of the Grand Justice, the empowerment of the Official Disciplinary Punishment Committee will be a next important step of judicial innovation.
(III) The analysis of the impeachment cases from Feb. 1999 to Jan. 2005 shows that the corruption of government service in Taiwan has become more common and serious since the Democratic Progressive Party took over government in 2000. It also shows that the corruption of high ranking officials in Chen Shui-bian administration is more serious than ever before. For example, from 2001 to 2007, they are many minister and deputy ministers of the cabinet have been detained and sentenced for corruption.
(IV) Because of political struggles between the Democratic Progressive Party and the Koumingtan (K.M.T), the nomination of the Control Yuan members by President Chen Shui-bian has been rejected by the Legislative Yuan since Feb. 2005. So, up to the present, there is no Control Yuan member to play the role of Control power of investigation and impeachment. According to the statistics of the Official Disciplinary Punishment Committee, is also shows that the corruption in government service has become more common and serious, therefore, for the cause of clean politics, the functions of the Control Yuan have to come back to normal and the empowerment of the Official Disciplinary Punishment Committee is necessary and urgent.
(V) In search of the relations between the impeachment and punishment, I have made several interviews with Prof. Chou, Yang-shan (周陽山教授) 、Control Yuan member Li, Shen-yi (李伸一) and member of Official Disciplinary Punishment Committee, Ke, Ching-hsien (柯慶賢). In addition, the official embezzles has the legal responsibility and the administrative responsibility, the present paper the administrative responsibility which to the official embezzles is a center, has a side interest in criminal, the impeachment, the disciplinary punishment triangle exercise and the correlation。
Taiwan's new administration under President Ma, Ying-jiou recently took over the power on May 20, 2008. However, the new administration still faces many challenges and difficulties, though the new administration tries to set up anti-corruption committee in every government office and uphold principle of clean politics, but if the new administration can not solve the problems of the old political system and tradition, the root of the corruptions will still remain. Therefore, we have to adopt new thought and present right policy to deal with corruption so as to promote clean politics and change the old image of our government.

並列關鍵字

Official ； embezzlement ； impeachment ； disciplinary punishment ； supervisory system ； official disciplinary punishment committee

參考文獻

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林鈺雄2001，《刑事訴訟法》，台北：學林文化事業。

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