高強度鳴唱回播對棕面鶯行為與繁殖表現的影響

鳴唱回播是極具爭議的賞鳥手段，雖然使賞鳥者更有效率地看到特定鳥種，卻可能對鳥類造成不必要的壓力與干擾。相關研究多探討回播後個體行為及生理的改變，本研究則進一步探討鳴唱回播對棕面鶯繁殖之影響。實驗於2015年4–7月在高雄市桃源區藤枝地區之特有生物保育中心中海拔試驗站進行。回播處理分為中度回播與重度回播兩組：中度回播於育雛期前10日擇5日進行，每次回播310分鐘；重度回播則於育雛期後半期每天回播610分鐘，兩組皆於開始回播時進行25分鐘的行為觀察。每1–2日探巢紀錄幼鳥數量，並於育雛期第10、12、14日秤量幼鳥體重。廣義線性混合模型分析顯示，中度和重度回播皆造成親鳥鳴唱、警戒及飛行頻率顯著升高，但不影響棕面鶯的回巢次數、巢成功率及幼鳥離巢率。中度回播對幼鳥體重沒有明顯影響，然而在重度回播下12日齡幼鳥的體重顯著較低。本研究指出鳴唱回播會促進棕面鶯的行為，而不影響其繁殖表現，但長時間、持續地於育雛後期回播，則會對子代品質產生顯著負面影響。在完全了解鳴唱回播之影響程度前，建議賞鳥者應更謹慎而節制地使用。未來亟需針對其他地區及鳥種進行相關研究，以更全面地探討鳴唱回播對鳥類繁殖之影響。

關鍵字

賞鳥；人為干擾；繁殖成功；幼鳥體重；警戒叫聲

並列摘要

Song playback is a controversial birding technique. Although it helps birdwatchers to detect specific species efficiently, it could cause unnecessary stress and disturbance on birds. Previous studies mainly discussed playback effects on individual’s behavior and physical state. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of intensive song playback on breeding of Rufous-faced Warbler. During April to July 2015, I conducted the experiments in Medium Altitude Experimental Station of Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. The experiments included medium level playback (broadcasting 310 mins/day for 5 bouts in day 1–10 of nestling period) and high level playback (broadcasting 610 mins/day for 5 bouts in day 9–13 of nestling period). In both experiments, responses of parents were recorded in the first 25 mins. Nest boxes were checked every 1-2 days and nestling weights were measured in day 10, 12 and 14. The results of generalized linear mixed model revealed that both medium and high level playbacks significantly increased alarming, singing and flying frequency of parents, but it did not affect homing frequency, reproductive success and nestling survival significantly. The 12-day-old nestlings in the high level playback group were significantly lighter than in the control group, while the medium level playback did not affect nestling weights significantly. This study suggests that song playback promotes Rufous-faced Warblers’ behavioral responses, which could lead to extra energy cost in breeding season. However, song playback does not affect breeding performance and possibly reduce nestling quality only if playback level is too high. The impacts of song playback on breeding of other species need to be further investigated. I suggest that birdwatchers should use song playback more conservatively to minimize the possible negative effects on birds.

並列關鍵字

birdwatching ； human disturbance ； reproductive success ； nestling weights ； alarm call

參考文獻

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高強度鳴唱回播對棕面鶯行為與繁殖表現的影響

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