社會資本、休閒參與與健康關係之研究

A research on the relationship of social capital,leisure participation and health

蔡必焜(Pi-Kun Tsai)

指導教授 ： 蕭崑杉

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業推廣學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01887

摘要

社會資本對健康的影響近年來在許多文獻上受到廣泛討論，本研究將社會資本定義為「形成自持續性的社會網絡和信任、互惠規範，可為個人和其他集體行動者利用以增進福祉的資源之存量」。本研究的目的有二，一為探討個人社會資本和健康的關係，檢驗不同型態社會資本對個人健康的影響；二為理論探討並經驗分析個人社會資本、休閒參與和健康之間的關係。
經由理論論述和文獻分析，本研究將個人社會資本分為家庭社會資本和社群社會資本，以戶外休閒和自評健康分別為休閒參與和健康的操作概念，並建立下列假設：
1a：個人家庭社會資本越高，從事戶外休閒活動的程度越高。
1b：個人社群社會資本越高，從事戶外休閒活動的程度越高。
2a：個人家庭社會資本越高，健康狀況越好。
2b：個人社群社會資本越高，健康狀況越好。
3a：個人家庭社會資本，會透過戶外休閒的中介作用，間接影響個人健康。
3b：個人社群社會資本，會透過戶外休閒的中介作用，間接影響個人健康。
本研究採用次級資料進行量化分析，資料來源為中央研究院社會變遷調查資料庫八十九年四期一次「正式問卷：研究問卷Ⅱ」之調查資料，實際分析樣本數為1680。分析方法為敘述性分析和結構方程模型分析，運用之統計軟體為spss10.0及LISREL8.30。
研究結果顯示個人的家庭社會資本和社群社會資本確是影響國人參與戶外休閒的重要因素，即具有良好的家人間人際網絡和信任、互惠規範的個人，以及擁有較高程度跨越家庭範圍的人際網絡的個人，較常參與戶外休閒活動。其次，個人家庭社會資本和社群社會資本同為健康的重要影響因素，即具有良好家人間人際網絡和信任、互惠規範的個人，以及擁有較高程度跨越家庭範圍的人際網絡的個人，其健康狀況越好。研究結果發現戶外休閒不是家庭社會資本影響健康的中介因素，可能的解釋為戶外休閒只是社會資本影響健康的諸多中介因素之一，且非最重要的因素；此外，戶外休閒作為社群社會資本影響健康的中介因素的假設則得到支持。本研究最後針對理論、方法和結果提出檢討與建議。

關鍵字

結構方程模型 ； 健康 ； 社群社會資本 ； 家庭社會資本 ； 休閒參與

並列摘要

It is widely recognized that social capital has powerful effects on health. Social capital is defined as the stocks of resources derived from durable relation networks and norms of trust and reciprocity that individuals and other collective actors can utilize to promote well-being. The objectives of the dissertation were to examine the effects of social capital on health as well as the relationships between social capital,leisure participation and health.
After reviewing the literature,the individual social capital was categorized into family social capital and community social capital. The concept of leisure participation and health was operationalized as outdoor recreation and self-rated health. The hypotheses were:
1a: The higher the family social capital,the higher possibility of outdoor recreation participation.
1b: The higher the community social capital,the higher possibility of outdoor recreation participation.
2a: The higher the family social capital,the better the health condition.
2b: The higher the community social capital,the better the health condition.
3a: Outdoor recreation is the mediating factor between the relationships of family social on health.
3b: Outdoor recreation is the mediating factor between the relationships of community social capital on health.
Data analyzed in this research were collected in the fourth wave’s first year survey of the research project“General Social Survey in Taiwan.”The project was conducted by the National Science Council,Republic of China. The sample size was 1680 and the methods for analysis were descriptive statistics and structural equation models.
There were three important outcomes in the dissertation.The first was that both family social capital and community social capital were significant predictors for outdoor recreation.The second was that both family social capital and community social capital were significant predictors for health.The third was that outdoor recreation is not the mediating factor between the relationship of family social capital on health,but it is the mediating factor between the relationship of community social capital on health.Conclusions and Discussions were explored lastly.

並列關鍵字

family social capital ； health ； structural equation model ； leisure participation ； community social capital

參考文獻

章英華、傅仰止主編（2000） 台灣地區社會變遷基本調查計畫第四期第

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Mannell, R. C. and D. J. Stynes（1991）“A Retrospective：The Benefits of Lesisure. ” Pp. 461-473 in Benefits of Leisure, edicted by B. L. Driver, J. Brown and G. L. Peterson. State College, PA：Venture Publishing.

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