透過您的圖書館登入
IP:54.81.58.140
  • 學位論文

市區幹道不同路型之安全、速率與景觀分析

Impacts of Traffic Divisional Island Installation Pattern on Traffic Safety, Travel Speed and Street Scene

指導教授 : 曹壽民

摘要


市區幹道設計型式可分為「無實體分隔型」、「有實體中央分隔型」、「有實體快慢分隔型」及「有實體中央暨快慢分隔型」等四種。不同設計型式對於交通安全、車流速率、道路景觀及路幅寬度之影響不同,本研究僅針對市區幹道設計型式對於交通安全、車流速率及用路人景觀偏好之影響進行探討。本研究以肇事率與肇事嚴重性反映交通安全,並利用迴歸分析方法,建立路型與肇事率之關係式;以多向度度量法分析反映用路人對於道路植栽之景觀偏好;以各車道之加權平均速率反映該路段之平均行車速率,並採用VISSIM電腦軟體進行車流模擬以取得相同交通特性下,不同路型之旅行速率,並利用羅吉斯迴歸模式,建立速率較佳路型選擇模式。 分析結果顯示,就安全性而言,「無實體分隔型」較「有實體分隔型」差;而「有實體中央分隔型」與「有實體快慢分隔型」則各有優缺點,差異不大。就景觀偏好而言,駕駛者之偏好特性為「美觀度」、「植栽分佈數量」、「車道與人行道間有植栽」以及「與植栽最近距離」;行人之偏好特性則為「安全度」、「分隔帶與人行道均有植栽」、「車道與人行道間有植栽」及「舒適度」。分隔型式則不會影響用路人之景觀偏好。而就車流速率而言,經由二元羅吉斯迴歸模式之分析,其主要影響因素為路口右轉比例、車種組成以及車種間速率差等三項。路口右轉比例愈高、車種組成愈單純、不同車種間的速率差愈小,愈適於採用「有實體中央分隔型」;反之,則適於採用「有實體快慢分隔型」。 整合安全、景觀偏好以及車流速率之分析結果,本研究認為車種組成的複雜程度應是造成不同地區常見路型不同之主要原因。當車種組成愈單純、不同車種間速差愈小,則較適宜配置中央分隔路型;反之,當車種組成愈複雜、不同車種間速差愈大,則較適宜配置快慢分隔路型。本研究結果所提供之定性原則與定量指標,可做為選擇市區幹道設計型式之判斷依據與參考。

並列摘要


An urban arterial street can be designed as undivided, centrally divided for separating opposing traffic, or laterally divided for separating fast moving vehicles from slow moving ones. Various patterns of installing traffic divisional island have different impacts on traffic safety, vehicle travel speed, street scene, and street width. The objective of this study is to investigate factors affecting the performance of undivided urban streets, centrally divided streets and laterally divided streets in terms of traffic safety, users’ preference and travel speed. Accident rate and accident severity were used to reflect traffic safety. The degree of likeness was used to reflect User’s preference. Weighted average vehicle travel speed of each traffic lane was used to reflect the average speed of that road section. VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation model was adopted to analyze effects of traffic volume, traffic composition, ratio of right-turning vehicles, and speed variation. In terms of traffic safety, the difference between centrally divided street and laterally divided street in traffic safety is insignificant. In terms of user’s preference, a survey was conducted with the assistance of computer animation to simulate visions of road users. Preference of both drivers and pedestrians were investigated. Methods of Regression Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Multidimensional Scaling were used to analyze surveyed data.  The results showed that drivers’ preference was affected by aesthetics of street, the number of tree allocation, trees planted on left-side of sidewalk and the shortest distance to tree. As for pedestrians, their cognition features were safety, tree planted on division strip and sidewalk, tree planted on left-side of sidewalk, and comfortable. The results also showed that both of drivers’ and pedestrians’ preference were not affected by divided type of urban arterials. In terms of average travel speed, a Binary Logistic Model was established for statistical analysis. It was found that traffic composition, ratio of right-turning vehicles, and speed variation are major affecting factors for determining type of divided urban streets. It was also concluded that laterally divided streets are more suitable for highly mixed traffic, high speed variations, and low ratio of right-turning vehicles. This study provided important information on designing urban arterial streets. It also presented a new approach for preference survey and data analysis in the field of transportation.

參考文獻


21.游菀瑋,都市植栽減輕焦慮情緒效果之研究,台灣大學園藝學研究所碩士論文,民國89年6月。
13.黃茹蘭,行道樹視覺景觀偏好影響因素之探討,台灣大學園藝學研究所碩士論文,民國85年6月。
5.Paul E. Green, Frand J. Carmone, Jr., Scott M. Smith (1989), Multidimensional Scaling: Concepts and Applications, Allyn and Bacon.
1.Forrest W. Young (1987), Multidimensional Scaling: History, Theory, and Applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
2.Gideon Keren, Charles Lewis. (1993), A Handbook for Data Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences Methodological Issues, Hillsdale, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates.

被引用紀錄


陳聖霖(2010)。中央分隔帶缺口封閉對用路人之影響〔碩士論文,國立交通大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6842%2fNCTU.2010.01122
陳雅琳(2017)。高雄輕軌沿線交叉口安全評估之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU201702957
林楷閔(2009)。市區道路非重現性事件判定指標之建立〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2009.02144

延伸閱讀