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  • 學位論文

有機黏土對對硝基酚、酚及苯胺之吸附

Adsorption of p-Nitrophenol, Phenol and Aniline on Organoclays

指導教授 : 林嘉明 柯淳涵

摘要


對硝基酚(p-Nitrophenol)、酚(phenol)及苯胺(aniline)等苯環類化合物為環境中主要污染物,一般天然黏土對親脂性的有機物吸附效果不佳,可膨脹型黏土(如膨潤石類)利用四級銨陽離子修飾後,黏土性質由親水性轉變為疏水性,可以有效吸持有機污染物。 本實驗使用四種有機黏土(Cloisite®10A、Cloisite®15A、Cloisite®30B、Cloisite®93A)為吸附劑吸附對硝基酚、酚及苯胺。四種吸附劑,均為四級銨鹽,10A結構上連接一個苯環、一個氫化長鏈及兩個甲基;15A則具有二個長鏈及二個甲基;30B含有二個乙醇及一個長鏈;93A則含二個長鏈及一個甲基。 吸附前以X-ray鑑定結果,4種有機黏土均屬蒙特石類,10A、15A、30B、93A黏土層距分別為19.76、27.64、19.34、26.43 nm,吸附後15 A及93 A晶格均有變大現象。IR官能基鑑定顯示,四種黏土層間皆有因烷基銨存在而出現2922-2930 cm-1及2847-2855 cm-1兩個C-H Groups。 以UV-VIS分光光度計317 nm、210 nm、230 nm分別測定對硝基酚、酚及苯胺濃度,吸附能力以15A、10A較佳,30B、93A較差。 等溫吸附方程式與Freundlich模式擬合結果,R2介於0.77至0.99之間。動力吸附實驗結果,以擬一階反應方程式為動力學資料之最佳描述,其R2介於0.84至0.99之間,反應速率常數k為15A>10A>93A>30B。四種吸附劑對對硝基酚都有最高的吸附效果,其次是酚,最後是苯胺。 pH效應方面,在各種pH值之環境下,吸附能力都是15 A>10 A>30 B>93 A。4種黏土於pH 4及pH 7的環境下吸附結果,除93 A在pH 4有比較好的吸附效果外,其餘三種吸附劑均在pH 7的環境下有比較好的吸附表現,15A對酸鹼環境的變化較不敏感。 吸附後紅外線光譜掃描結果顯示,四種吸附劑吸附PNP、PNL後,在2340 cm-1處均有穿透度存在,此為鍵結型 O-H 伸縮所造成,故PNP、PNL應以化學鍵結為主;而吸附ANL前後的掃描圖譜比對結果,未發現吸附後光譜有顯著變化。

並列摘要


p-Nitrophenol(PNP), phenol(PNL)and aniline(ANL)are major pollutants in natural environments. Due to its polarity, natural clay surface is unable to adsorb hydrophobic pollutants. Swelling clays (i.e. Smectites ) intercalated by quaternary ammonium with long alkyl-chain or other functional groups, turning hydrophilic surface into hydrophobic, hence adsorbing organic pollutants. This study used four organoclays(Cloisite®10A, Cloisite®15A, Cloisite®30B, Cloisite®93A)as adsorbents to adsorb PNP, PNL and ANL The modifier of organoclays 10 A, 15 A, 30 B and 93 A are quaternary. ammoniums with functional group 2M2HT, 2MBHT, MT2EtOT, M2HT respectively.(M:methyl,. B: bezene, H: hydrogenatedtallow, T: tallow, EtOT:bis-2-hydroxyethyl) Before the adsorption, the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD)showed the d-spacing of 10 A、15 A、30 B and 93 A are 19.76、27.64、19.34 and 26.43 nm respectively. After the adsorption showed the d-spacing of clays 15 A and 93 A are greater than before .IR spectra of clays showed the bands at 2918.2 cm-1 and 2852 cm-1 were C-H groups of quaternary amine. In order to determine concentrations of PNP, PNL and ANL, the UV-VIS spectroscopy is used with wavelength 317 nm, 210 nm and 230 nm. The best weight of adsorbents for adsorption isotherms is 50 mg, and the adsorptive capabilities are 15 A, 10 A better than 30 B and 93 A. The sorption data fitted with Frundlich isotherm equation for these organoclays, R2 are between 0.77 and 0.99. The best description for adsorption kinetics data is pseudo first order equation, R2 are between 0.84 and 0.99. The comparisons of three sorbates, adsorbed capacity is PNP>PNL>ANL. At various of pH (pH 4, pH 7), these adsorbents showed the same result as pH was not adjusted, adsorbability is 15 A>10 A>30 B>93 A. To compare the influence of different pH on the same organoclay, adsorptive effect is pH 7>pH 4>pH 10,except 93 A , which has better effect at pH 4.15 A is less sensitive for the change of pH. After adsorption of PNP and PNL, IR spectra showed the transmittance exist at wavenumber 2340 cm-1 for all these organoclays caused by the expand of bonded O-H. It is speculated that O-H of PNP and PNL gradually move into the interlayer of organoclays and the chemical interaction between both has taken place. Comparing with the spectra of ANL, there is no significant band appeared after adsorption.

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被引用紀錄


謝蕙如(2006)。應用有機黏土及竹碳吸附水中4-壬基苯酚(4-nonylphenol)〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00168

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