河川生態廊道與魚類物理棲地之水理模式研究

Investigation on river ecological corridor and hydraulic model of fish physical habitat

楊津豪(Jin-Hao Yang)

指導教授 ： 李鴻源

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.02688

摘要

近年來，政府機關及社會民間團體對環境保護的重視日漸提升，生態工法理念也被廣泛地應用，且政府機關亦投入人力物力進行生態與工程整合之研究規劃。惟這些成果大部分屬於定性描述，並未進一步考量定量關係，故本研究以水利工程觀點出發，運用魚類為指標，以提供評估河川棲地之應用與方法。
因為魚類位於集水區河川生態系統食物網的上層且涵括了多種營養階層，故往往成為最廣泛應用之指標生物。本研究運用魚類環境矩陣（Environmental matrix of fish）以及生物整合指標IBI指數，以河川廊道為考量範疇，結合擬似二維演算模式NETSTARS與物理棲地模式RHABSIM計算出魚類之可用棲地面積百分比（PUA）與棲地歧異度，建立一套完整的棲地評估流程（Appraisal process）。
本研究並將已建立之評估流程應用於淡水河支流南勢溪流域，整合水理與生物調查之分析結果，以評估河川廊道魚類棲地之變化。由分析之結果發現南勢溪流域受到壩堰影響甚大；進而藉由水理模式探討桂山壩下游地區之最佳生態環境基流量（Bio-environmental maintenance flow），分析出放流量若在5cms時可提供下游較佳之魚類棲地，此結果可供未來生態復育與工程考量之參考。

關鍵字

魚類環境矩陣 ； 魚類棲地 ； 生態環境基流量 ； 南勢溪

並列摘要

In recent years, the concept of eco-technology is widely applied because importance on environmental protection has been paid increasingly. Integration of ecology and engineering is an essential issue, but most of the relevant results are qualitative and without further consideration of quantitative relationship. On the basis of the hydraulic engineering, this study proposed an appraisal process by using fish as indicator to assess river habitats.
On the top of the aquatic food chain, Fish, which comprise different trophic levels, is the most common target species in watershed researches. In this study, Environmental Matrix of Fish and Index of Biotic Integrity were applied. Combining the quasi-2D model NETSTARS ( Network of Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation ) and habitat model RHABSIM, Percent Usable Area （PUA）of fish and diversity index were calculated to establish an integrity Appraisal process on fish habitat.
Based on the appraisal process established above, the study analyzed the change of fish habitat in river corridor on the Nan-Shih Stream by using the past field survey data. The results revealed the dams have reverse effects on Nan-Shih Stream. The optimum Bio-environmental maintenance flow in the downstream of Kuei-Shan dam was hence found by the hydraulic mode. 5cms is suggested for better fish habitats. These results will provide a reference for ecology restoration and engineering.

並列關鍵字

environmental matrix of fish ； fish habitat ； Bio-environmental maintenance flow ； Nan-Shih Stream

參考文獻

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