室內燒烤空氣污染物排放因子之研究

Emission Factors of Air Pollutants Emitted from Indoor Charcoal

杜紹輔(Shao-Fu Tu)

指導教授 ： 李慧梅

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02581

摘要

本實驗延續吳(2014)「室內木炭燃燒產生空氣污染物之研究」，利用其研究結果選定三種危害商數較低之木炭：龍眼木炭(T3)、備長炭(B1)、炭精(I1S)進行延續實驗，利用添加油脂來模擬實際烤肉污染物排放情形，並測試添加油脂、油脂種類、木炭種類對於各類污染物排放差異，利用氣膠監測儀(Dusttrak)、粉塵監測儀(EPAM-5000)、多氣體分析儀(HM-5000)、DNPH化學吸收、Tenax-TA吸附劑，分析木炭燃燒產生的HC、CO、CO2、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、醛酮化物、揮發性有機物、重金屬之排放濃度，並計算成排放因子與排放速率。
實驗結果顯示，木炭種類對於各類污染物(HC、CO、CO2、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、醛酮化物、揮發性有機物、重金屬)排放因子有顯著差異(p-value<0.05)，除了重金屬中的砷、銅、鉛、鋅，油脂的添加對於碳氫化合物、二氧化碳、懸浮微粒、醛酮化物、揮發性有機物排放因子有顯著差異(p-value<0.05)，但油脂種類對於各類污染物排放因子沒有顯著差異；碳氫化合物在未添加油脂情況下排放因子範圍為5025.60 ~ 7924.02mg kg-1，而添加油脂後排放因子範圍為6029.82~ 10629.40 mg kg-1，一氧化碳添排放因子106.04 ~ 395.84 g kg-1，二氧化碳排放因子在未添加油脂情況下為1350.76 ~ 2432.29 g kg-1，添加油脂後則為1929.50 ~ 3026.10 g kg-1，氮氧化物排放因子為193.11 ~ 582.41 mg kg-1，甲醛排放因子在未添加油脂時為19.23 ~ 37.71 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為33.10 ~ 49.41 mg kg-1，乙醛排放因子在未添加油脂時為8.90~20.64 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為14.25~26.67 mg kg-1
，PM10排放因子在未添加油脂時為32.82~562.54 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為1611.33~ 4800.55 mg kg-1，PM2.5排放因子在未添加油脂時為14.27~454.15 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為1029.38~4065.14 mg kg-1，苯排放因子在未添加油脂時為0.26~3.15 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為4.76~13.70 mg kg-1，甲苯排放因子在未添加油脂時為0.26~1.93 mg kg-1，添加油脂後為2.35~9.06 mg kg-1，重金屬總排放因子為8427.85~ 10333.21 ug kg-1。
油脂的添加造成各類型污染物排放因子與濃度倍增，如PM2.5與PM10排放濃度均增加了10~100倍，而在未添加油脂時木炭燃燒所產生的污染物幾乎均超過室內法規標準，在油脂添加過後甚至超過法規標準百倍，顯示室內燒烤污染之嚴重性，這些污染物對人體健康的影響也不可忽視，許多污染物濃度也已超過ASTDR ihaled MRLs，甚至超過急性標準的數百倍，此外許多燒烤業者以簡單的排氣裝置將污染物排出到室外環境，並未加以減量及控制，對室外環境也將會是一大衝擊。

關鍵字

室內空氣品質 ； 木炭燃燒 ； 燒烤 ； 油煙 ； 排放因子 ； 甲醛 ； VOCs ； PM2.5 ； PM10 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

This experiment continues the work of Wu(2014) 「Emission of Air Pollutants from Charcoal Combustion in Indoor Environment」, base on Wu(2014) results to select three kinds of charcoals, that is lower in hazard quotient: Longan charcoal (T3), binchoutan (B1), Carbon (I1S). To simulate the actual barbecue pollutant emission, , and to test pollutant emission differences on varies pollutants by adding oil, oil type, and different charcoal species. We monitor the result by using aerosol monitor (Dusttrak), dust monitor (EPAM-5000), multi-gas analyzer (HM-5000), DNPH chemical absorption, Tenax-TA sorbent. And analysis emission of HC, CO, CO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, aldehyde and ketone compounds, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals which emitted from charcoal combustion. The emission data was calculated as emission factors and emission rates.

Experimental result shows that the type of charcoal for various pollutants (HC, CO, CO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, aldehyde and ketone compounds, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals) emission factors are significant differences (p-value <0.05), except arsenic(As), copper(Co), lead(Pb), zinc(Zn).Adding oil also have significant difference (p-value <0.05) for hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, suspended particulates, aldehyde and ketone compounds, volatile organic compounds emissions factor, but grease types do not have significant difference for all pollutant emission factor. Hydrocarbon emission factor without oil adding is in the range of 5025.60 ~ 7924.02mg kg-1, and after adding oil hydrocarbon emission factor in the range of 6029.82 ~ 10629.40 mg kg-1, carbon monoxide emission factors is in range of 106.04 ~ 395.84 g kg-1, carbon dioxide emission factors in the case of not adding oil is in range of 1350.76 ~ 2432.29 g kg-1, and 1929.50 ~ 3026.10 g kg-1 after adding oil, nitrogen oxide emission factor of 193.11 ~ 582.41 mg kg- 1, formaldehyde emission factors when not add oil to 19.23 ~ 37.71 mg kg-1, after adding oil to 33.10 ~ 49.41 mg kg-1, acetaldehyde emission factor when no added fat was 8.90 ~ 20.64 mg kg-1, and adding oil was 14.25 ~ 26.67 mg kg-1, PM10 emission factor when no added fat was 32.82 ~ 562.54 mg kg-1, after adding oil to 1611.33 ~ 4800.55 mg kg-1, PM2.5 emission factor when no added fat was 14.27 ~ 454.15 mg kg-1, after adding oil is 1029.38 ~ 4065.14 mg kg-1, benzene emission factor when no added fat is 0.26 ~ 3.15 mg kg-1, after adding oil to 4.76 ~ 13.70 mg kg-1, toluene emission factor of 0.26 ~ 1.93 mg kg-1, after adding oil as 2.35 ~ 9.06 mg kg-1, total heavy metal emission factor of 8427.85 ~ 10333.21 ug kg-1.

Charcoal burning with oil increases the number of various kinds pollutant emission factors and concentration, such as PM2.5 and PM10 emission concentrations were increased by 10 to 100 times. Without adding any oil to charcoal burning the pollutant emission was exceeding the limit of regular indoor standard. After adding oil, the pollutant emission was exceeding the standard over a hundred times. This shows that indoor barbecue will cause great pollution, and we cannot ignore its harm to human health. Many pollutant concentrations has exceeded ASTDR inhaled MRLs, over hundreds of times more than the acute criteria. In addition many barbecue restaurants with simple exhaust device that discharged pollutant directly to the outdoor environment, without reduction and control this will be a huge impact to outdoor environment.

並列關鍵字

Indoor Air Quailty(IAQ) ； Charcoal Combustion ； Grill ； Fume ； Emission factor ； Formaldehyde ； PM10 ； PM2.5 ； VOCs ； Trace metal

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