從立憲主義論我國公民投票之法制設計

A Constitutionalist Analysis of the Institutionalization of Referendum in Taiwan

沈宜卉(Yi-Hui Shen)

指導教授 ： 許志雄

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02831

摘要

公投既為直接民主機制，無疑是過去古希臘羅馬直接民主經驗的再現，以監督現代國家中議會的專橫或失責，以及政府的決策或施政，但公投並非毫無限制或約制，立憲主義核心的自然法思想仍規制或牽引著公投的運用，公投的程序設計自應符合或深化立憲精神，在此意義下，公投實為一項中性的或工具性的機制，而非民粹的代名詞。又，由於我國公投法的產生具有高度政治性，於審議過程中，處處可見政治力的動員及對抗，顯然蓋過於憲法原理的的冷靜思辯，故不乏有條文不符立憲主義原理。因此，掌握立憲主義的現代思維，以進一步檢證或精緻化我國公投法制的設計，以利其順利運作或根基穩固，確有必要。

　　本篇論文對立憲主義的思想基礎及演變作歷史的溯源及探討，並據以分析我國公民投票應有的法制設計方向，檢討現行公民投票法的可能缺失，以期我國公民投票之設計能符合立憲主義的憲法原理。立基於立憲主義的現代思維，分別從人權保障、國民主權、權力分立和司法審查的視角，作一較全面性的檢驗，分析探討包括公投門檻、公投議題限制、公投審議委員會的組成、公投提案權人、促進思辯對話的機制、地方性公投設計、司法審查對公投案的介入時點與審查標準等問題。

關鍵字

立憲主義 ； 自然法 ； 人權保障 ； 國民主權 ； 權力分立 ； 司法審查 ； 公民投票

並列摘要

As a system of direct democracy, referendum supervises the autocracy and irresponsibility of the parliament, as well as the decision-making and administration of the government in modern countries. It is undoubtedly a representation of the experiences of direct democracy in ancient Greek and Rome. However, referendum is not totally unlimited. In fact, the concept of natural law which lies in the core of constitutionalism dominates and somehow restrains the operation of referendum. Therefore, the procedure of referendum is supposed to accord with or reinforce the spirit of constitutionalism. In this sense, referendum is a neutral and implemental mechanism, rather than a pronoun of populism. On the other hand, since the enactment of Referendum Law in Taiwan is highly political, during the process of deliberations, the mobilization and confrontation of political forces more often than not overshadow the sobriety principle of constitutionalism. As a result, some articles of Referendum Law violate the spirit of constitutionalism. A comprehensive knowledge of the modern concepts of constitutionalism so as to scrutinize and refine the institutionalization of referendum in Taiwan is indeed necessary.

This thesis aims to conduct a historical survey of the intellectual foundation and evolution of constitutionalism, analyzes the supposed direction of the institutionalization of referendum in Taiwan, and reflects on its possible defects, in hope that the institutionalization could correspond to the spirit of constitutionalism. Based on the four modern concepts of constitutionalism—human rights protection, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and judicial review, this thesis investigates various matters, including the referendum threshold, limitations of referendum issues, the constitution of Referendum Supervisory Committee, the proposer of referendum issues, the mechanism that prompts dialogue of deliberations, the institutionalization of local referendum, the timing at which judicial review interferes with a referendum issue and its review criteria, etc.

並列關鍵字

constitutionalism ； natural law ； human rights protection ； popular sovereignty ； separation of powers ； judicial review ； referendum

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