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  • 學位論文

從經濟主義到文化戰爭:舊工業區土地更新下的勞工文化運動

FROM ECONOMISM TO CULTURE WAR: A Labor Culture Movement Under The Old Industrial Estate Regeneration

指導教授 : 周素卿

摘要


台北由於日治殖民工業化的特性,在鐵道沿線與當時城市郊區蓄積了許多大規模的傳統工業土地。隨著都市發展與全球化下的區域經濟再結構,傳統製造業關廠外移與追求土地開發利益卻使得勞動體制更不利於勞工的生存。然而,當文化策略在都市再發展的議程中扮演更為重之角色的情形下,卻為台灣的勞工運動開啟了新的契機,使台灣工運從以往專注於物質與經濟層面鬥爭的「經濟主義」,開始轉向意義的詮釋與爭奪的「文化戰爭」。 因此,本文的研究問題是,「文化」在都市再發展的議程中為何扮演愈來愈重要的角色?都市文化議程所開啟的文化戰場如何中介了政府、資本與草根團體等不同的行動者在其中角力協商?而勞工運動又如何能夠從經濟主義轉向文化戰爭? 本文所採取的理論觀點是,動態的政治機會結構對於社運而言有其影響作用,但是這樣的影響是社會情境中隨制關係的偶合,而行動者的施為能力也是動態的發展,其能動性為創造性地挪用多種脈絡下所積累的文化符碼而將其轉化、再發明,並且路徑依賴於施為能力發展的歷史經驗軌跡。 本文首先回顧了台北市都市發展的歷史脈絡,指出90年代後半期,都市文化議程被視為有助於城市行銷、協助資本積累的實現,並可面對市民參與和舊區發展的訴求,因此都市政府在全國政治與財稅結構的限制下,透過各種獎勵措施積極協助資本投入歷史建築與文化設施的修建與經營。在這種趨勢下,儘管此種文化空間的議程仍然具有親成長取向的特性以及主流的多元文化價值論,卻也為工運開啟了新的可能空間。接著指出在台灣自主工運的發展過程中所累積的文化符碼與資源,使得工運產生在文化領域進行鬥爭的新想像,並逐漸具備操作文化政治的施為能力。最後以林紙廠開發計畫為案例,探討工運行動者如何挪用運動所累積的文化符碼與工人文化慣行,動態地與政治機會結構相互動,而展現出詮釋權爭奪之文化政治的運動特質。

並列摘要


During the period when Taiwan was colonized and industrialized under the governance of Japan, many traditional industrial districts took place along the railway and the suburban area of Taipei. When highly urban development and regional economic restructuring occurred under the influence of globalization, the closure of factories and the pursuit of the benefit by land exploiting caused labor regime disadvantageous to the labor. In the meanwhile, the circumstance that cultural strategies played a more significant role in the agenda of urban redevelopment than before created a new opportunity for labor movement. It made the traits of labor movement transform from “economism”, which focuses on material and economic affairs, into “culture war”, which makes a lot of contention for meanings and interpretations. The inquiries of this paper are why “culture” has played a more significant role in the agenda of urban redevelopment; how the culture battlefield opened by the urban culture agenda mediates the contention and negotiation of different actors like government, capital and the grassroots; and how the nature of labor movement transformed from economism into culture war. The theoretical framework of this paper is the dynamics of political opportunity structure will effectively influence the development of social movement. This influence is the conjuncture of various contingent factors in the prevailing social conditions. This also has something to do with the dynamics of the actors and their own development. That is the development of agency itself. The momentum of agency comes from their creatively appropriating, transforming, and reinventing the cultural codes accumulated from the past under many contexts. It also comes from the historical trajectories of the agency’s development itself. Based on the above viewpoints, this paper first reviews the social history contexts of the urban redevelopment of Taipei which points out that urban culture agenda was considered to be contributive to the city marketing and capital accumulation in the late 1990s. The urban culture agenda can also be responsive to the requests of citizen participation and old district redevelopment. So the city government actively draws private capital into the repair and management of historical buildings and cultural facilities under the national constraint of political and fiscal structure. Although the cultural-spatial agenda has the characteristics of pro-growth and mainstream cultural pluralism, it also opens a new resistant space for labor movement. Secondly, this paper uses the case study of Shilin Paper Mill [士林紙廠] redevelopment project to see how actors of the labor movement appropriate the accumulated culture codes and labor habitus developed from past labor movements. To a further step, it investigates how these practices dynamically interact with the open political opportunity structures. Finally, this paper tries to specify the emerging significance of cultural politics in labor movement nowadays.

參考文獻


范雲,2003,〈政治轉型過程中的婦女運動:以運動者及其生命傳記背景為核心的分析取向〉,《台灣社會學》5:133~94。
吳介民,2002,<解除克勞塞維茲的魔咒:分析當前社會改革運動的困境>,《臺灣社會學》,第4期,159~198。
何明修,2003,<政治機會結構與社會運動研究>,台灣社會學會2003年年會會議論文,2003.11.29~30。
Harvey, David, 1998, “The art of rent: globalization and the commodification of culture.” In David Harvey, 2001, Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography. New York: Routledge. 394~411.
李丁讚、林文源,2003,<社會力的轉化:台灣環保抗爭的組織技術>,《台灣社會研究季刊》,第52期,57~119。

被引用紀錄


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潘欣榮(2007)。公賣局私有化過程中的產業遺產保存 -台北建國啤酒廠工人的工作權保存經驗〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2007.01353
邱詠婷(2006)。全球化下的台北都市辯證-消費奇觀的建構與另類出路之空間生產〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2006.01812
吳佩蓁(2005)。從工業區到國家公園 論台灣都市治理的困境:以台南市為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2005.02513
陳建彣(2004)。都會型工業區的轉型-五股工業區物流、倉儲業與台北都會的互動關係〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-2004200711020778

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