中國大陸治安管理處罰法制演進發展之研究

The study of development in the manage and punish legal system in public security of Mainland China

吳豐宇(Feng-Yu Wu)

指導教授 ： 李炳南

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10551

摘要

中國大陸自第十五屆全國人大後，宣示「以『法』治國」，希冀從「法制」方面轉化成為「法治」國家。《治安管理處罰法》是一個極具指標意義的法律，它包含了中國大陸漸漸發展的人權保障概念；另一方面，就公權力執行「擾亂公共秩序、妨害公共安全、侵犯個人權力、財產權利、妨害社會管理、具有社會危害性」當中，有否過多之自由裁量權？而該法在執行中，有關「當場處罰」、「擔保制度」、「併罰制度」、「調解制度」的運作，亦有諸多可議之處。凡此皆有待深入檢證法制優缺利弊。
本研究計畫將採法社會學、法釋義學之研究途徑，並兼採文獻分析法、歷史研究法、比較研究法、決策研究法之研究方法進行。首先將探討治安管理處罰法是居於中國大陸影響其他法律，或被其他法律所影響的地位。再者，透過中國大陸歷次修法的歷史因素、環境變遷、社會走向等瞭解該法制的實質意義。三者，透過本研究，對於中國大陸之治安管理處罰法制的相關特點可以獲得更進一步的了解。第四，本法與中國大陸的行政處罰法、刑法間之關係，究竟是採行「質的差別說」，抑或「量的差別說」？並且透過行政、立法、司法這三個層面的控制方式，來探詢這三個部分對於中國大陸的治安管理處罰法治的演進有什麼影響。
在結論方面，提出對於本法制的演進主要的發生原因為何，以及修法對於中國大陸當時或之後的社會秩序綜合維持有什麼樣的貢獻。最後，本研究將廣泛收集中國大陸學界、實務界對該法之評價，以及與我國治安相關法律之比較，期達成真正具有保障人權之效果，並免於人權之相對受到侵犯。本研究預期將有助於瞭解中國大陸「政左經右」多年發展，經濟改革開放下，社會、人心極速變遷當中，中國大陸當局的因應，法律的走向，對社會、人權影響意義和發展效果。

關鍵字

治安管理處罰 ； 當場處罰 ； 擔保制度 ； 調解制度 ； 正當法律程序 ； 罪刑法定

並列摘要

Since the 15th People's Congress, PRC announced the concept of “Rule of Law”, and hoped to transform “Rule by Law” to it. And “the law of manage and punish in public security” is a law that has the index meaning very much. it included the human rights of development has ensured the concept gradually in PRC. On the other hand, when the state power in banishing those acts in disturbing social order, interfering public security, invading personal rights and property, impairing social management and hazard acts to society, it whether have had too much right of judging amount of freedom ? And when this law is in carrying out, the operation of “Punish on the spot”, “Assurance system”, “Combine-punishment”, “The mediate system”, still has a great deal of places that can be discussed. And all of this still needed us to examine the PRC’s legal system deeply and find out the pros and cons .
Our research project will use the methods of law-sociology and law-paraphrase, and also will use the approach of reviewing documents, historical study, relatively studies analytic and policy-making approach. First of all, we will try to find out “the law of manage and punish in public security” is in the position that influence other laws or being influenced by others. Moreover, through the factors of each time PRC altering their laws, such as the historical factor, the social environmental changes and the tendency of PRC society…etc. The three, the relation among “the administrative penalty law” , “criminal law” and “the law of manage and punish in public security”, was “the difference of qualities” or “the difference of quantity” ? And the fourth object was that by using the concept of “Due process” and “Crime and punish by Law” to examine “the law of manage and punish in public security” whether slip and cause the person who encroaches on people's basic human rights. Finally, we will not only collect opinions and appraisal on this law extensively from the aspect of scholars, and the practice, but take compression between this law and we Taiwan’s relative law also. Hopefully it really has a result which ensured human rights and avoided the infringing of human rights relatively.
This research is expected to contribute to understanding that it has been developed for many years that ' the policy from left and the economic from right ' in Mainland China, and the society change extremely rapidly because of the economic reform, the PRC government how to response, and the trend of the law to the influence of the meaning and development impact to the society , human rights.

並列關鍵字

Law of manage and punish in public security ； Punish on the spot ； Assurance system ； The mediate system ； Due proces ； Crime and punish by Law

參考文獻

李炳南、曾建元、林佳瑩、吳豐宇，〈中國大陸勞動教養制度發展之研究〉，行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫《中共勞動教養制度發展之研究》（2007年8月至2008年7月）。

陳新民，〈中國大陸行政罰制度之分析〉，財團法人國家政策研究基金會，2002年。

洪鎌德，《法律社會學》，臺北：揚智文化事業股份有限公司，2001年12月。

一、書籍

《毛澤東選集》第四卷，中國：人民出版社，1960年版。