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  • 學位論文

中國大陸經濟改革的制度化進程:以中國人民銀行的治理定位變遷為觀察焦點(1993-2018)

The Process of Institutionalization in Chinese Economic Reform: A Perspective of the Changing Role of the People’s Bank of China (1993-2018)

指導教授 : 吳玉山

摘要


本論文將中國人民銀行(下稱人行)在1993年至2018年間的治理定位變遷視作中國大陸經濟改革制度化的觀察焦點,企圖闡明兩個問題:第一,人行在總體經濟結構中的治理定位為何?第二,是什麼原因造成人行的治理定位變遷?變遷過程又為何?為了回應研究問題,本論文以金融危機為自變項、人行治理定位變遷為依變項,取徑於「制度變遷」、「央行獨立性」、和「危機途徑」三類理論文獻,提出分析框架,以之辯證人行治理地位變遷的原因與機制,進而標定人行治理定位的性質。立基於前述框架,本論文循金融危機爆發的時序,將1993-2018年間的中國經改歷程切分為五個時期,續依照危機→領導人立場→短期危機改革→長期金融結構調整,順序分析人行在各時期中的治理實況、危機發展路徑類型、和治理定位高低。最後,本論文在連結各時期的人行獨立性狀況、判定長期趨勢、並透過類型框架標定人行治理定位後,做出結論如下:一、以人行為中心的金融制度,在短期和長期上皆會因應危機的發生而有所調整,故可稱金融危機的爆發(或即將爆發)是致使人行制度變遷發生的必要條件;二、人行治理定位提升的程度仍須取決於領導者立場和財政部─人行─發改委三方互動狀況等充分條件;三、整體而言,在1993-2018年間,人行由決策和執行獨立性皆低、以經濟發展為主要任務的「信用配置型」央行,往決策獨立性低、執行獨立性高,以經濟穩定為主要任務的「共識協調型」央行方向轉型。

並列摘要


This thesis focuses on the institutional evolution of People’s Bank of China (PBC) from 1993 to 2018. Based on the theories of institution change, we argue that financial crisis is a necessary condition resulting in the rising of PBC. Furthermore, we induce three ideal types of central bank from the literature of central bank independence (CBI) and then match the characteristics with a two-by-two typological matrix, which represents different degrees of decision-making and executive independence of central bank; on the other hand, with the help of crisis-induces-reform theories, we develop a branch model for revealing how the role of PBC alters among the ideal types during the economic transformation of China. Next, we divide the history of PBC between 1993 and 2018 into five crisis periods, including the inflation crisis after Deng Xiaoping’s southern patrol (1993-1996), the East Asian financial crisis (1997-2001), the crisis of non-performing debts (2002-2006), the subprime mortgage crisis (2007-2012), and the era of risk control (2013-2018), investigate the policy measures of financial reforms in each distinctive period, and finally extrapolate a causal mechanism by the process-tracing method. In the end, we conclude that the change of PBC’s institutional role depends on not only financial crisis but also domestically political circumstances, such as the will of top leaders and the interactions among Financial Ministry, Development and Revolution Commission, and PBC. Moreover, according to the taxonomic matrix, PBC is gradually transforming from a credit distributor, which does not possess both decision-making and executive power, to a consensus coordinator, which is responsible for economic stability with executive autonomy, since 1993.

參考文獻


壹、中文部分
中國人民銀行,2011,《中國人民銀行2011年報》。
中國人民銀行,2013,《中國人民銀行2013年報》。
中國人民銀行,2014,《中國人民銀行2014年報》。
中國人民銀行,2015,《中國人民銀行2015年報》。

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