地形持續發展的溝渠與地下水湧出及補注

Groundwater drainage and recharge by geomorphically active gullies

倪瑋傑(Wei-Jay Ni)

指導教授 ： 卡艾瑋

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02971

摘要

地下水出流侵蝕是由含水層中的地下水的湧出所造成的地貌變化。在這篇論文中，將藉由實驗，理論以及計算來仔細檢視這個過程。我們利用一套雷射掃描裝置來量測變化中的地形，地形的變化主要來自於地下水湧出造成的小溝渠。利用線性互補的概念，提出了一個結合地下水流和表面水流的理論。此理論它原創的一點在於兼顧了地下水流的出流、以及因地表流造成對地下水的補助。計算方法上是採取基本解法並將理論套用到這計算方法上。之後計算得到的結果會與實驗量測記錄做比較，並引導我們解釋實驗觀測。

關鍵字

滲流侵蝕實驗 ； 基本解法 ； 線性互補系統 ； 雷射地形量測

並列摘要

Groundwater sapping is the geomorphic reworking of surface topography induced by water seeping out from an aquifer. In the present thesis, this process is examined using experiments, theory and computations. A laser-scanning apparatus is used to measure the evolving topography of a sand surface subject to the geomorphic action of gullies fed by groundwater. Using a linear complementarity formulation, a theory of the coupling between the subsurface and surface flow is proposed. An original aspect of the theory is that both drainage and recharge of groundwater by the surface runoff are considered. The method of fundamental solutions is used to translate the theory into a computational scheme. The computed solutions are then compared with the experimental measurements and used to guide interpretation of the laboratory observations.

並列關鍵字

sapping experiment ； linear complementarity system ； method of fundamental solution ； laser-scanning measurement

參考文獻

Aharonson, O., Zuber, M.T., Rothman, D.H., Schorghofer, N., and Whipple, K.X. (2002) Drainage basins and channel incision on Mars. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1780-1783.

Besl, P. (1988) Active optical range imaging sensors. Machine Vision and Applications 1, 127-152.

Capart, H., Young, D.L., and Zech, Y. (2002) Voronoï imaging methods for the measurement of granular flows. Experiments in Fluids 32(1), 121-135.

Chandler, J.H., Shiono, K., Rameshwaren, P., and Lane, S.N. (2001) Measuring flume surfaces for hydraulic research using a Kodak DCS460. Photogrammetric Record 17(97), 39-61.

Dagan, G. (1967) Linearized solutions of free-surface groundwater flow with uniform recharge. J. Geophys. Res. 72(4), 1183-1193.