輪椅推進之上肢生物力學分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Human Upper Extremity during Wheelchair Propulsion

林彥聖(Yen-Sheng Lin)

指導教授 ： 呂東武

國立臺灣大學/工學院/醫學工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.02455

摘要

輪椅使用者需要長期依賴上肢骨骼肌肉系統推動輪椅以達到移動的目的，其上肢較一般人承受更大的負荷，亦容易發生上肢骨骼肌肉系統之病變，但探討輪椅推進之生物力學研究所得之相關知識卻非常缺乏，為了深入瞭解其中的機制，發展上肢力學模型與量測輪椅推進之測力輪椅有其必要性。本研究之主要目的便為發展一套可量測輪椅推進時手與手輪接觸力與力矩之測力輪椅，並由經驗證之三維上肢運動學模型，得到各肢段之動態位置，進而計算出各關節的受力與力矩，期望能對於上肢關節之生物力學有近一步的認識與了解。研究中所使用的三維上肢運動學模型經過一系列的改良以及實驗的驗證，確定其運動學資料結果的準確度，可測得運動時上肢各肢段的動態位置。測力輪椅的設計是將一般輪椅經過改裝後，將手輪透過六軸力規安裝於輪椅之輪面，實際測量手輪之合力與力矩，並透過力學校正，計算推進時手與手輪之間的浄接觸力，結合上述兩者則可求得輪椅推進時上肢各關節之力動學資料。本研究並實際計算正常受試者推進輪椅時上肢各關節之三維力動學資料，所得結果與過去文獻相符，因而可驗證本研究中所發展之測力輪椅與上肢三維模型，未來可將此系統應用於其他臨床研究。

關鍵字

測力輪椅 ； 輪椅推進 ； 上肢 ； 動作分析

並列摘要

The human upper extremity plays an important role in daily living Injuries of upper extremity greatly affect the performance of activities. Upper extremity of wheelchair users altered for locomotion which is functioned by lower limbs. Thus, higher loading on their upper extremity leads to the increased risk of musculoskeletal problems. Knowledge of the biomechanics of the upper extremity during wheelchair propulsion is helpful for the understanding of this activity and the prevention of associated injuries. Since the kinetic data during wheelchair propulsion were hard to obtain, previous studies have mostly focused on the kinematics analysis and kinetic analysis is limited. The purposes of this study are to improve the three-dimensional (3D) model including the whole upper extremity as well as to develop an instrumented wheelchair which measures the forces and moments between hand and handrim during wheelchair propulsion. Experiment data was obtained from two parts. The kinematic data was collected by the motion analysis system and kinetic data was recorded by the designed instrumented wheelchair. A traditional wheelchair was modified for present study. A six-component load cell mounted between the handrim and wheel measured the force and moment data applied by wheelchair user. By eliminated the noise and calibrated the system, the forces and moments applied by hand were obtained. The upper extremity model using in this study was modified and accuracy of the kinematics was validated. Therefore, the positions of each segment through movement are calculated by the model and kinematics analysis was performed. The kinetic analysis was calculated under the combination of kinematic results and accurate wheelchair force and moment data. The kinematic results of the upper extremity provided the good agreements with previous studies, and the kinetic pattern of shoulder was similar to the previous studies but had higher magnitude. The results validated the accuracy of our model. Consequently, the instrumented wheelchair and the upper extremity model could be applied to further clinical studies in the future.

並列關鍵字

Motion analysis ； Instumented handrim ； Wheelchair propulsion ； Upper Extremity

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