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  • 學位論文

臺灣稻米產銷合作與制度安排之探究─以台東縣池上鄉與關山鎮為例

Taiwan Rice Production-and-Trade Cooperation and Institutional Arrangement: Case of Chishang Township and Guanshan Township in Taitung County

指導教授 : 王宏文

摘要


為因應全球化浪潮,行政院農委會農糧署於2005年開始實施稻米產銷專業區計畫,該計畫以契作為核心,致力於提升稻米的安全與品質並創造在地稻米產業之競爭力。惟計畫推行至今,其比例約僅占全臺稻米產量1%。因此,究竟為什麼原因使這項計畫的推廣受到阻礙是本文欲探討的研究問題。本文認為稻米產銷合作必須克服集體行動(collective action)的困境,當中更包含不同的合作層次(level of cooperation)。因此,稻米契作從無到有的過程,在理論與實務上,更為重要之議題。 因此,本研究以臺東縣池上鄉與關山鎮為個案,並採取深度訪談法,訪談期間從2013年4月至2014年10月,共計訪談27位。其中包括兩地農會、主要糧商以及農民。研究結果顯示,地方稻米產銷合作之樣態相當多元,包括契作、稻米產銷專區或產地證明標章,生產者間的合作若要朝向永續發展,將受這些結構性變數影響:(1)面對面溝通、過去行動的資訊、連結結構、能否自由離開或進入情境等四個因素有利生產者間合作的形成;(2)生產者數量不能太多或太少,稻米產銷合作有其最適規模;(3)生產者間的異質性在部分狀況下將穩定合作,若差異過大則有害合作;(4) 在合作產生之有形利益上,只要生產者願意投入合作,可完全共享利益;但在無形利益上,則會因生產者間的搭便車行為而減去利益。 綜上,從本文個案中,得以檢證集體行動在臺灣稻米產銷合作中之實踐,針對生產者之困境加以描繪,並透過這些結構性變數凸顯出不同的合作層次。期能透過此研究,以提供相關單位在輔導或推動政策時作為參考。

並列摘要


This study examines the case of Chishang Township and Guanshan Township in Taitung County, and strives to explain how structural variables affect the likelihood of collective action on Taiwan rice production-and-trade cooperation, as well as diverse forms of collective action, including Contract Farming, certification mark of origin, Rice Producing and Distribution Zones. By following collective action theory approach, this study use qualitative evidence from in-depth study among the producer including farmers, food dealers and farmers’ association. Total interviewee is 27, research period is from April 2014 to October 2015. Results confirm that (1) the variables including face-to-face communication, information about past actions, how individuals are linked and whether individuals can enter or exit voluntarily enhance the likelihood that the rice producer cooperate with each other. (2) the number of producers have its optimal size. Too many or less is negatively related to cooperation. (3) the heterogeneity of producers help cooperate in some situation. Or the heterogeneity is negative related to gaining producer benefits. (4) All producer can fully share tangible benefits, while getting subtractive benefits when someone was free riding. Overall, these findings could give light to government that realize the factor affect contract farming and draw up other incentives and supporting measures.

參考文獻


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