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  • 學位論文

污水污泥再利用於農地灌溉之風險評估

Assessing Health Risk of Applying Municipal Sewage Sludge to the Farmland

指導教授 : 馬鴻文 吳焜裕

摘要


都市污水污泥的性質與產量穩定,加上內涵營養鹽等特性,在處理過後利用於土地復育或農地灌溉方面,因無須耗費額外的能量處理,又可省下部分肥料的費用,是可行的方式之一,亦可稍減台灣水資源不足的窘況。 本研究將建立其風險評估的架構,修正美國在污泥管理規範(Part 503 rule)中的缺失,加入不確定性分析方法探討風險不確定性差異。再則,藉由敏感度分析探討主要不確定性參數與變異性參數及其可能造成的影響,並收集本土相關參數,以評估污泥再利用於農地時,所造成附近居民的健康風險。期望從風險評估的角度,提供將來法規訂定污水污泥再利用於農地灌溉時的參考依據。 本研究以台灣五大流域作為分析主體,在選定的五種評估物質中,均以曾文溪流域旱季具有較高的風險值,原因是其本流的上游,水源多流入曾文水庫及烏山頭水庫,使得流量變小,降低其稀釋能力。在風險貢獻度方面,以砷、鉻、鎳而言,攝入飲用水、皮膚接觸與誤食土壤為主要風險貢獻途徑。鎘在魚體內的生物累積因子相較於其他金屬高出釵h,使得其攝入魚類之貢獻量為所有途徑中最高。銅與鎘的情況正好相反,其在魚體內的生物累積因子為零,故使在攝入魚類之風險為零。 利用風險與濃度之相對關係,可幫助決策者在考量不同條件下,選擇適宜的法規標準。

並列摘要


Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or liquid residue generated during treatment of domestic sewage. It has been promoted recycling of sewage sludge on land application because of its stable productivity and abundant nutrients. However, the toxic metals and other trace elements in the sludge might be a concern because they do not degrade and remain in the soil indefinitely. The aim of this research was to build up a multimedia and multiple-pathway exposure system to assess the risk of using the sewage sludge on the farmland expecting that would provide the information to help the policy makers make the regulation in the future. To amend the defects of the American federal biosolids rule (40 CFR Part 503), uncertainty and sensitivity analysis were applied in the process and the local parameters were collected and used in the system. The objects of this research were five of watersheds in Taiwan and target metals were As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd. The findings indicate that the risk for the dry season in Tsengwen River is the highest because the water flows into the reservoirs in the upper stream which reduces the ability of diluting the concentration of contaminants. As to the risk rate of contribution routes, drinking water, skin contact and inhalation of dust are the main pathways for the As, Cr, and Ni. The ingestion of fish is the highest one for Cd due to its higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs). On the other hand, the BAFs of fish for Cu is zero which makes the risk of ingestion of fish zero.

參考文獻


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1. 台灣省政府農林廳,台灣地區農產品批發市場年報,1994-2000。
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9. 行政院衛生署,國民營養現況,1998。
7. 行政院農業委員會,農業統計年報,2000。

被引用紀錄


王一媜(2005)。結合物質流與風險評估方法探討重金屬鉻之 灌溉水質標準〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2005.10161

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