- 學位論文
巴拿馬服務業在WTO服務貿易總協定架構下之發展分析
The Analysis of Panama Service Industry Development under the WTO General Agreement on Trade In Service
摘要
服務業是1990年代後迅速興起的產業。根據統計資料，全球服務業貿易較興盛的國家皆為已開發國家，顯示服務業趨向出現在複雜度高或分工度高的經濟社會。已開發國家的服務業多半集中在高科技產業，例如資訊及電腦服務 ; 而開發中國家的服務業，大多集中在傳統的運輸、旅遊二個部門。當今全球服務業國際貿易如火如荼地進行著，且其所涵蓋範圍甚為廣泛，貿易量大致推估已不下於農業、製造業等傳統行業。1995年WTO設立，制定了「服務貿易總協定及其附錄」 ( GATS )，為全球性的服務業貿易架構。 巴拿馬因其先天地理位置上的優勢及歷史背景，使得它在全部拉丁美洲國家中獨樹旗幟。巴拿馬的經濟結構帶有商業性和服務性的特徵，是一個以服務業為主要產業的國家。本文巴拿馬為研究對象，以巴國主要三項最具代表性的服務業：銀行業、海運業、旅遊業作為研究範圍。 巴拿馬於1997年加入WTO，成為自由市場經濟體行列中的一員。在經濟全球化、自由化的大架構下，為了符合WTO市場開放的目標，巴國進行一系列的經社改革，同時擴大投資與基礎建設。本文旨在探討：(1) 服務業分別在傳統國際貿易理論、經濟全球化中的理論論述，及在經濟發展中的角色。 (2) 服務業貿易國際建制 -- WTO服務貿易總協定( GATS ) -- 的重要內容及適用原則。 (3) 巴拿馬加入GATS後國內主要服務業法規的修改。 (4) 巴拿馬國內主要服務業的發展及問題 (5) 外人直接投資對巴拿馬服務業的影響。 (6) 服務業貿易談判現況及南北議題。
並列摘要
Service industry emerges rapidly after 1990. According to the statistical data, those countries which have more prosperous service trade are developed country, demonstrating that service industry trend to appear in high-complex and high-production-sharing operation economic society. Developed country service industry mostly concentrates in the high technological industry, for example information and computer service, while in Developing countries service industry mostly concentrates in traditional transportation service and traveling. Nowadays the international trade in service is carrying on and blooming, also its covers scope is really widespread. The quantity of service trade is roughly estimated not less than traditional trade in agriculture or manufacture. In 1995 WTO established and set up “General Agreement on Trade In Services and Annexes ” (GATS) for initial framework of global service trade regime. Due to geographical position superiority and historical background, Panama is extremely special in all Latin America countries. Panama's economic structure has strong characteristics of commerce and service. It takes service industry as the main industry. This article takes Panama as the object and focus on the main three representative service activities : the banking industry, the marine transportation industry and the tourism. Panama joined WTO in 1997 and became a member of the row of open market economy. Under economical globalization and liberalization, in order to conform to the goal of market open of WTO, Panama carries on a series of society-economic reform, in the meantime expands investment and the infrastructure construction. This article is for the purpose of discussing : (1) Service industry theory elaboration of separately in traditional international trade theory and economical globalization, furthermore the role service play in economical development. (2) The important content and principle of the international regime of service trade – GATS. (3) The domestic reform of service industry laws and regulations after Panama joined GATS. (4) The development and problems of Panama main service industries (5) The impact of foreign direct investment on Panama service industry (6) Service industry trade negotiation present situation and north-south issues.
參考文獻
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