唐詩菊花意象研究

晉．陶淵明鍾愛菊花，菊花成了陶潛的化身。到了唐朝，詩人論述菊花就不再只是陶潛式的隱逸菊花了，菊花意象變得豐富而多元。唐詩中的「菊花意象」不但達到一個嶄新的境界而且更深深影響了宋代的詩詞，使得宋代詩詞中的菊花意象達到燦爛輝煌的地步。本篇論文利用國科會所研製的「全唐詩檢索系統」先檢索出含有「菊」的唐詩，以歸納方法將菊詩分門別類，再從各類詩中，擇其詩句分析其內容、主旨等，期能更深入了解菊花意象。本文的研究結果將唐詩中「菊花意象」共分為三大類:第一類是與重陽佳節有關者，這類意象跟唐人的風俗習慣有關。第二類是與人格特質有關者，詩中的「高潔」、「隱逸」等獨特性格，深深影響著唐代的文人、更影響到後世子孫。使得中華文化蘊含出高風亮節與堅貞不屈的一面。第三類是與人生況味有關者，從「渴望入世」到「懷才不遇」、再到最後的「感嘆遲暮、孤獨」、「渴望成仙」。人生的歷程大多是這樣的，不如意時較多，但只要吾人以樂觀積極的態度去面對，那一切的挫敗、失意在人生的旅程上都是有意義的。最後，本論文或仍有諸多不足之處，尚祈先進、後學不吝指教。

關鍵字

唐詩；菊花；菊花意象

並列摘要

In Jinn dynasty, Yuan Ming Tao was fond of chrysanthemum which had become the identity of the poet himself. Then in Tong Dynasty, the poets depicted the chrysanthemum not solely as “ Yuan Ming Tao “ style of hidden and lay back , the notions of flowers became richer and multivariant . The “ notion of chrysanthemum “ in the poetry of Tong Dynasty not only reached a new horizon but also deeply influenced the poetry and words that were used in Song Dynasty, it made the “ notion of chrysanthemum “ in poetry arrived at a splendid stage in Song Dynasty. This articles uses the “ The Archie for the Entire Tong Dynasty “ made by the National Science Council, we collected the poems written in Tong Dynasty that has “ chrysanthemum “ in them. We assort the poems according to inductive reasoning, and from those poems, we select the sentences in the poems, to analyze their contents, main ideas, hoping to have a more in depth understanding of “ The thought of Chrysanthemum “. This article divided the “ notion of chrysanthemum “ from the poetry in Tong Dynasty into three categories : The first category is related to Chung Yeung Festival, this type of notion is related to the customs and habits of the Chinese people. The second category is related to personality. “ Noble & Virtuous “ , “ Live in Seclusion “ , are unique characteristics that were found in the poems, they had profound effect on literati of the Tong Dynasty, they influence our posterity even more. The Chinese Culture thus contains of noble character and unquestionable integrity as well as remains faithfully and unyieldingly. The third category is related to the circumstances in life, from “ eager to enter the society “ to “ have talent but with no opportunity to use it “ , and lastly to “ sigh that it has past one’s prime , with loneliness ” , “ anxious to become immortal “. The proceedings of life are mostly like this , often times it is contrary to our wishes, but with an optimistic and enthusiastic approach to face it, then all the setbacks and frustration in the journey of our life are meaningful. Lastly, this article may still leave something to be desired, therefore I urge every distinguished scholars as well as any younger learned men to give your advices and comments.