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  • 學位論文

90年代以來巴西能源發展之研究

A Study of Brazilian Energy Development since 1990s

指導教授 : 熊建成

摘要


能源是現代生活的基本要件,也是經濟發展的關鍵性因素。現今無論世界強國還是開發中國家,其政策皆受到能源因素強烈的影響。拉丁美洲地區是各種能源蘊藏量豐富的地區,巴西身為金磚四國之一,加上巴西一直是拉丁美洲研究的重要指標,因此筆者選擇巴西做為研究主體。 巴西蘊藏豐富的能源資源,特別是水力、生質能和石油。長期以來,巴西政府為扶植本國產業,對外資一向採取歧視性待遇。但是自90年代起,為了改善其經濟體質,增強其產業競爭力,已逐漸改行較為開放之政策,並著手修改種種歧視性措施。近年來國際能源與原物料價格上揚,當各國為能源和地球暖化問題憂心不已時,巴西不僅宣佈其石油達到自給自足,更發展出能替代石油的酒精燃料。 本論文主要想藉由研究巴西能源的多個面向,了解巴西能源的實際發展情況,例如其石油達到自給自足的過程、玻利維亞石油天然氣國有化之後對巴西的影響,以及巴西在石油燃料之外的替代能源乙醇的發展情況及相關優缺點。

關鍵字

巴西 能源 再生能源 石油 天然氣 酒精 生質燃料

並列摘要


Energy is not only basic element for modern life, but also key factor for economic development. No matter developed or developing country, its policy is strongly influenced by energy factor. There are abundant energy reserves in Latin America, and Brazil plays an important role in this area. According to those reasons, my thesis is focused on Brazilian energy development. Brazil riches in energy resources, especially water power, biomass energy and petroleum. For a long time, Brazilian government adopted discriminatory treatment for foreign capital in order to protect national industries. However, since 1990s, in order to reinforce economic structure and improve industrial competition, Brazilian government opened energy market. In recent years, the prices of energy and raw material get higher. When countries all over the world are worried about energy shortage and global warming, Brazil announces that its petroleum reaches self-sufficiency, and develops alcohol fuel that can substitute gasoline. The thesis analyzes the actual Brazilian energy development from three dimensions, that is, the course of petroleum to self-sufficiency, the impact to Brazil after the nationalization of Bolivian petroleum and natural gas, and the development of ethanol in Brazil.

並列關鍵字

Brazil Energy Renewable Energy Oil Natural Gas Ethanol Biofuel

參考文獻


彼得,特札基安(Peter Tertzakian)著,李芳齡譯,《每秒千桶-看準下一波能源大勢與世紀商機》(台北:美商麥格羅希爾國際股份有限公司台灣分公司,2006年)。
British Petroleum, Statistical Review of World Energy 2005(London, 2005).
Edmar Luiz Fagundes de Almeida, Helder Queiroz Pinto Junior, Reform in Brazilian Electricity Industry: The Search for a New Model (Rio de Janeiro: Federal University o f Rio de Janeiro, 2004).
EIA, International Energy Outlook 2005(Washington: DOE/EIA, 2005).
Mohan Munasinghe and Peter Meier, Energy Policy Analysis and Modeling (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

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余南誼(2010)。巴西21世紀初外交政策之研究:以魯拉政府為例(2003年~2008年)〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00814
楊雅喬(2011)。玉米價格波動對美國生質酒精廠商股票報酬之影響--2005年能源政策法案發布前後之實證分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.10273

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