實施公允價值會計與在金融危機下影響台灣銀行績效之關鍵因素

The Key Factors of Banking Performance of Taiwan Commercial Banks under the Influence of Fair Value Accounting and Financial Crisis

翟凡瑋(Fan-Wei Chai)

指導教授 ： 葉金成

淡江大學/管理學院/會計學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00023

摘要

會計衡量價值從歷史成本基礎轉變為公允價值基礎，前人研究認為此對銀行業損益會造成較大波動，同時亦有研究指出，因金融風暴發生會帶來兩者的交乘效果，損益波動益形嚴重。台灣對這一議題的研究闕如，但銀行業卻渴望獲得更多理論的指引，基此，本研究以探討在會計評價基礎改變又適逢全球金融危機發生時，我國銀行管理階層所關注影響經營績效之關鍵因素及監理機關所遵循之銀行危機預警模型是否應有所改變。
本研究之樣本共分為兩個期間，一為實施公允價值評價會計且處在金融危機期間，另一為未實施公允價值評價會計且處在非金融危機期間，藉由迴歸分析觀察不同期間影響銀行績效之危機預警關鍵因素，而研究果顯示（1）在實施公允價值會計後，因為會計資訊攸關性的提高，使得金融資產相關之財務報表資訊成為衡量銀行績效之關鍵因素之ㄧ。（2）在市場景氣不佳時，股價指數及國內實質利率與銀行經營績效具顯著相關性。本研究認為在實施公允價值會計後且處在金融危機期間時，我國銀行業用以衡量經營績效之關鍵因素應有所改變，此對銀行管理階層、存款人及投資人均有管理及決策意涵，且對銀行監理機構在決定銀行危機預警模型上亦有參考價值。

關鍵字

公允價值會計 ； 金融危機 ； 銀行經營績效 ； 價值攸關性 ； 總體經濟因素

並列摘要

The value measurement of accounting has shifted from historical cost-based to fair value-based. Studies in the past has shown that this may led to earnings volatility of banks, and some other studies suggested that the volatility would be escalated by the global financial crisis’ interactive effects. There is no sufficient researches related to this in Taiwan, but many bank managers expect to gather more academic knowledge to assist them to control risks and make strategic decisions. For this reason, this study aims to examine if the determinants of banking performance shall change when the banks face both fair value accounting change and the global financial crisis.

Research samples of this study have been grouped into two periods: First (2003~2005), when SFAS No.34 wasn’t adopted by Taiwan’s commercial banks and without the impact of global financial crisis, and Second (2007~2012) vise versa. We attempted to find the key factors of banking performance for these two different periods through regression analysis. One of empirical results is when fair value accounting was adopted during the global financial crisis period, the accounting information related to the financial assets became the one of determinants of banking performance as the value relevance of accounting information was improved. Another finding for the same period is, Taiwan stock index and the internal real interest rate are also the influential variables of operating performance for Taiwan’s commercial banks. This study provides a guidance for management and strategic decisions made by the bank managers, investors, and debtors in Taiwan. Moreover, it also offers the advices to the banking supervisory organization for deciding which factors shall be included in the banking crisis warning model.

並列關鍵字

Fair value accounting ； Financial crisis ； Banking performance ； Value-relevance ； Macroeconomic factors

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