日本的所得差距與教育機會─以弱勢中小學生為例─

Child Poverty, Education Gap and Income Inequality in Japan

洪子喬(Tzu-Chiao Hung)

指導教授 ： 小山直則

淡江大學/國際研究學院/亞洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00037

摘要

根據經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)的報告，近年來日本的兒童貧窮比率之持續攀升。而本論文運用教育經濟學的人力資本論(Human Captial Theory)及訊號顯示理論(Singnaling Theory)為依據探討教育經費與受教育之意願及學歷與薪資的關係。
　 由上述的探討得到了雙親的學歷決定了一個家庭的經濟能力。而家裡的經濟能力差距也連帶了影響後代的教育程度。而後代的低學歷不僅影響到未來的收入外，也連帶的影響了結婚對象的選擇及未來家庭的組成。
　 而為了避免上述貧窮世襲的惡性循環，本論文也探討了日本政府對處於弱勢家庭的孩子所推出的教育補助。其當中論述到其政策的演進與其缺失和未來展望。

關鍵字

兒童貧窮 ； 貧窮世襲 ； 教育與所得差距

並列摘要

According to reports from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, in recent years, the number of children living in poverty in Japan is on the rise. This thesis aims to utilize the Human Capital Theory and Signaling Theory to analyze the relationship between the cost of education as well as willingness to receive education and level of education and salary.
The level of education of two parents in a family decides the financial capability of a family. Additionally, the financial capabilities of a family can also influence the level of education of their children. Not only does lower level of education of those children influence their future income, it also influences their options for marital partners and the future of their own families.
In order to prevent the vicious cycle of poverty described above, this thesis also examines the educational subsidies provided by the Japanese government to children of low-income families and also evaluates the benefits and disadvantages of the evolution of these policies

並列關鍵字

Child Poverty ； Education Gap

參考文獻

6. 参考文献

一、日本語参考文献(五十音順)

（一）研究論著(五十音順)

１．阿部彩(2010)『子どもの貧困』東京都、岩波書店。

２．荒井一博(2000)『教育の経済学─大学進学行動の分析─』東京都、有斐閣。