從性別文化角度探討日劇所描繪的工作女性以及其變遷－2000年前後時期的比較－

本論文是以性別文化角度探討日據所描繪的工作女性形象以及其變遷。由於楊雪(2013)指出，2000年之後的分析資料相當少，因此論者根據此指摘，將2000年作為分界點，藉文獻來掌握在此之前的女性形象，在此之後則選了「螢之光(2007)」、「派遣女王(2007)」、「Around 40(2008)」、「今天不上班(2013)」、「FIRST CLASS(2014)」五個作品作為分析對象。接著，針對對話中含有較多與性別文化相關話題的女性角色進行考察，著重在角色的戀愛、結婚、家庭觀以及工作觀等四個性別文化的面向，取出其對話後進一步以黄馨儀（2010）所使用的影像分析手法進行分析。本論文的章節架構如下，先於序章中說明研究的動機、內容、方法、對象，第一章中考察性別文化思想的發展，第二章則藉由文獻來掌握2000年以前的日劇女性形象，於下一章分析2000年以後的代表作，之後於第四章總結第二、三章，揭示女性形象的變遷後，在與實際的日本社會進行對照，確認當中是否有落差，最後導出結論。根據考察結果，得知日劇中的女性形象，從1950年代開播以來，由「賢妻良母、專職主婦」、「自立主婦」、「以結婚為目標的20多歲OL」、「取得戀愛與工作平衡的職業女性、妥善兼顧家庭與工作的職業婦女」演變過來，從性別文化的角度來看的話，可發現女性逐漸脫離性別角色分工。另一方面，2000年以後的女性相較於之前，工作欲望強烈，生活方更加多樣化，過往步入婚姻、組織家庭的模式已不是女性唯一的人生選擇。緊接著，將此結果與日本實際社會狀況做對照後，發現在「戀愛･結婚･家庭」(男女交往、婚姻狀況、家族架構)、「工作」(至今的職業別、雇用類型、從事管理職女性)六個考察項目當中，最後一項的比較結果有出入，2000年後的日劇中從事管理職的女性比例比現實社會多上許多，藉此可窺探出日劇開始向收視觀眾傳達對於女性工作這件事表示肯定的訊息。

關鍵字

性別文化；女權主義；日劇；性別角色分工；女性進出勞動市場；女性形象；戀愛･結婚･家庭觀；工作觀

並列摘要

This thesis seeks to study the image of working women as portrayed in Japanese television dramas and their image transition from the viewpoint of gender in the cultural context. As Yang Xue (2013) pointed out that there were little analysed data available after year 2000,I decided to take the year, 2000 as a demarcation point and make use of literature works and the images portrayed of women before the year of 2000. After which, five representative works of TV dramas produced after the year of 2000 were selected for analysis. They include "Hotaru no Hikari (2007) "," Haken no Hinkaku(2007) "," Around 40 (2008) "," Kyo wa Kaisha Yasumimasu (2013) "," FIRST CLASS (2014) ". This thesis then examines the roles of women by focusing on dialogues involving gender-related issues. Emphasis would be placed on four gender perspectives involving the topic of love, marriage, family and work values. After identifying the dialogues, deeper analysis was conducted on the method of video interpretation used by Huang Xinyi (2010). This study comprises of five chapters as shown below. The introduction indicates the purpose of the study, contents, methods and the target audience of the study. The first chapter would examine the developmental process of gender perspectives in the context of culture. The second chapter would make use of literature works to develop an understanding on the images of women before the year of 2000. The next chapter analyses the representative works of TV dramas produced after the year of 2000. The last chapter would then conclude the findings in the second and third chapter and show how images of women have transited. The summarised findings would be compared with the actual situations in the Japanese society in order to ascertain whether there are differences between them, before drawing the final conclusion. According to the analysed results, after television broadcasting began in 1950s, the image of women in Japanese dramas has changed from the idea of "full-time housewife and a good, loving wife"to "self-reliant housewife", and to being a "marriage-oriented OL in one’s 20s". It has then changed to a "professional lady who can achieve balance between romance and work & professional woman who can strike a balance between family and work". Therefore, based on the perspective of gender differences in the cultural context, it can be said that, the roles of women have slowly gone beyond the traditional division of gender roles. On the other hand, compared to women before the year of 2000, women working after the year of 2000 have stronger career ambitions, and their lifestyles are more diverse. This shows that the model of getting married and forming a family is not the only choice in life for women. After comparing this result with the actual situation in the Japanese society, it was found that based on the six study factors of "love, marriage and family" (the relationship between male and female, marital status, family structure), "work" (occupation, employment type, women in management), the last factor revealed contrasting results. The proportion of women in management as portrayed in Japanese TV dramas after the year of 2000 is much more than that in reality.As such, we can see that Japanese dramas have begun to convey a strong message of working women to the television audience.

並列關鍵字

Gender ； feminism ； Japanese drama ； gender role division ； women's access to labor market ； female image ； view of love & marriage & family ； view of work

參考文獻

18.黄馨儀（2010）「NHK 朝の連続テレビ小説に対する一考察―類型化された女性像：朝ドラのヒロインはどのように描かれているのか」

19.黄馨儀（2010）「テレビ文化と女性--初期のNHK朝の連続テレビ小説の形式転換と女性視聴者との関係」『Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU （5）』国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター編集委員会編p.61-94

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