中共空軍現代化發展-以無人飛行載具為例

Chinese PLA Air Force Modernization：A Case Study of UAV Development

袁更生(Geng-Sheng Yuan)

指導教授 ： 曾復生

共同指導教授 ： 陳文政

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00137

摘要

無人飛行載具是由遙控設備或自備程序控制系統進行操縱的不載人飛機，具有尺寸小、重量輕、構造簡單、造價較低、機動性好、續航時間長等特性，多用於靶機、偵察機，也可用於電子對抗、中繼通信、反潛、砲火校正和科學試驗等。無人飛行載具已成為世界各國在戰爭中無可替代的戰具，它的研究、發展、運用更是今日世界的潮流，今日與未來的台海戰場上，無人飛行載具已成為無可取代的選項。
中共自1964年11月15日以殲六戰機於雷州半島擊落第一架美製「火蜂」無人偵察機開始，開始注意無人飛行載具在軍事戰爭中所扮演的角色，將無人飛行載具定位於未來局部戰爭中「點穴戰」必須具備的核心武器，由近年來軍事事務革命不斷變革後，信息化軍備武器貫穿戰爭全程，無人飛行載具不但是載台，也是武器，更是貫穿戰役全程的必須要件。近年中共除採購以色列哈比機外，更與其他國家行技術合作，引進相關關鍵科技能力，並在2010年第8屆珠海舉行的中國國際航空航天博覽會上，展示至少25款無人機，其研發速度超過了所有國家。
本文從中共戰略思維、國際與國內戰略環境、軍事力量消長等面向分別檢視、探討各領導人時期軍事戰略及空軍戰略演進，中共空軍無人飛行載具發展現況、能力、戰術運用並評估其效益，進而探討中共各階段空軍戰略發展的背景與演變過程、分析中共空軍「無人飛行載具」發展歷程、現況及效益評估、瞭解中共空軍現代化建設特點與未來趨勢、探討中共空軍現代化發展對台海作戰之影響。期能藉由探究與釐清上述主題，以更明確理解中共空軍無人飛行載具發展之方向與趨勢及其空軍現代化對台海作戰之影響。

關鍵字

空軍戰略 ； 現代化 ； 無人飛行載具

並列摘要

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. The flight of UAV is either controlled autonomously by the computers of the vehicle, under the remote control of a navigator, or pilot on the ground or in another vehicle. The characteristics of UAV are: small in size, light weight, simple structure, low cost, better mobility, and long duration of flight. It is often used as a drone aircraft and reconnaissance plane. Furthermore, the UAV can be utilized in electronic and anti-submarine warfare, communication relay, artillery correction and science test. The UAV has become an irreplaceable instrument in contemporary wars. The research and development of UAV has therefore become an overarching trend in the world. Should armed conflict breaks out over Taiwan Strait, the UAV will surely play an indispensable role.
Since the American UAV “Fire Bee” shot down by PLA Air Force (PLAAF) over the Leizhou Peninsula on November 15th, 1964, China began to pay attention on the roles that UAV can play during wars. China has defined the UAV as a core weapon to be used in the “acupuncture warfare” of future local wars. Due to the military affairs revolution in the recent decade, information has become more crucial. The UAV can not only serve as a platform, but also act as a weapon throughout the entire war. In terms of UAV development, China acquired the Harpy UAVs from Israel and has cooperated with other countries to import key technologies. The pace of UAV research and development in China has surpassed all other countries in the world. The result was shown in 2010, at least 25 Chinese UAVs were on demonstration in the 8th China International Aviation and Aeronautics Exhibition in Zhuhai.
In light of the contexts of the Chinese strategic thinking, international and domestic strategic environments, and growth and decline in military capability, this thesis reviews and discusses the evolution of PRC military and air force strategies under different political regimes. The issues of current development, capability, and tactics of Chinese UAV are addressed in order to assess its efficiency. In addition, this thesis further explores the background and evolution of Chinese Air Force strategy, analyzes the progress of development, current situation and capability of Chinese UAV, examines the modernization of PLAAF and its future trend, and discusses the impact of PLAAF modernization on the potential war over Taiwan Strait. Through the discussion of abovementioned themes and contents, this study intends to explicitly identify the orientation and trend of Chinese UAV development, and evaluate the impacts of modernization of PLAAF on the operation over Taiwan Strait.

並列關鍵字

Air force strategy ； modernization ； UAV

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