軟實力和文化外交：美國在台灣的交流計劃

摘要外交是一種是複雜和具有挑戰性的軟力量，為促進世界國際關係，運作於「吸引力」和「合作」兩個面向。其中，文化外交（Cultural Diplomacy），定義為經由組織或個人交換思想、資訊、價值觀、傳統、藝術，來達到加強相互理解和雙方關係的目的。幾個世紀以來，每個人都參與了文化外交，然而，由於文化外交最近被作為一種理論，加上實踐行為上很少有經驗證據，這樣的外交形勢逐漸削弱中。這項研究的目的在於探討透過Fulbright，這項加強國際關係中的文化外交，並加強實踐文化外交的計劃，來探索21世紀文化外交的重要性。研究方法為文獻分析和定性研究。研究人員使用軟權力理論(Soft Power Theory)和邏輯模型(The Logic Model)作為框架，以幫助描述、分析和評估此項研究。研究報告認為，台灣Fulbright的教育交流計劃帶出了不同的文化觀點，並且分析推斷出參與者的態度變化，是最直接干涉短期和長期外交的重點。研究指出，Fulbright計劃實現了美國21世紀文化外交的目標。關鍵字: 文化外交，富布萊特計劃，美國，台灣，軟實力。

關鍵字

文化外交；富布萊特計劃；美國；台灣；軟實力

並列摘要

Diplomacy is an intricate and challenging practice of fostering relationships around the world. It is a tool of soft power, which operates in the aspects of ‘attraction’ and ‘cooperation.’ One of its branches is Cultural Diplomacy (CD) that is defined as the exchange of ideas, information, values, traditions, art and other aspects of culture practiced by institutions or individuals with the goal of enhancing mutual understanding and strengthening relationships. However, it continues to be undermined in international relations. The purpose of the study is to shed some light on the growing importance of CD in the 21st century. By exploring the Fulbright Program in Taiwan, it strengthens the cultural diplomacy in theory and in practice. The research methods are document analysis and qualitative approach. The researcher used soft power theory and ‘The Logic Model’ as the frameworks to describe, analyze, and assess the study. The research study concludes that the educational exchange program, Fulbright program in Taiwan, embodies outcomes with cultural aspects. The research study analyzes that the participants’ develop ‘attitude change.’ This is the most significant outcome, both intermediate and long lasting. The research concludes that the Fulbright program fulfills the goal of U.S. cultural diplomacy in the 21st century.

並列關鍵字

Cultural Diplomacy ； Fulbright Program ； United States ； Taiwan ； Soft Power

參考文獻

Mitchell, J.M. Key Concepts in International Relations: International Cultural Relations. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986.

Nye Jr., Joseph S. “Wielding Soft Power.” In Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2004, Chapter 5, 44-55. PDF e-book. Accessed May 4, 2017. https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/joe_nye_wielding_soft_power.pdf.

Saunders, Frances Stonor. The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters. New York: New Press, 2000.

Vion, Antoine. Europe from the bottom up: Town twinning in France during the Cold War.

Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

國際替代計量

軟實力和文化外交：美國在台灣的交流計劃

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