民眾日常通勤經驗與整體主觀幸福感之關聯研究

政策的最終目的，應是讓民眾獲得更幸福的生活，評估方式除了客觀幸福指標外，亦仰賴主觀幸福感的評估。過往對於交通旅運，多僅將之視為個體為參與活動的衍生，而未將交通旅運當作個體有意義活動看待，故多未聚焦於交通旅運經驗對於個體的活動參與、整體生活，以及交通旅運態度間的關聯。本研究係以通勤為例，探討具體通勤旅運經驗與條件對於個體的通勤主觀幸福感、通勤態度、工作與學業參與主觀幸福感及整體主觀幸福感之影響關係。本研究以問卷調查法方式蒐集資料，在問卷上運用一日重建法的精神使受訪者重建具體上班上學通勤經驗，並使用SWLS（Satisfaction With Life Scale）、SPANE（Scale of Positive and Negative Experience）兩份量表量測整體主觀幸福感、STS（Satisfaction with Travel Scale）量測通勤主觀幸福感及工作（學業）參與主觀幸福感；在資料分析方面係利用PLS-SEM（偏最小平方法結構方程模式）進行路徑分析。研究結果顯示，通勤條件感受會對通勤主觀幸福感產生直接正向且程度為大的影響；通勤主觀幸福感對於工作（學業）參與主觀幸福感有正向且顯著的影響，對於整體主觀幸福感則同時有直接正向但微弱及間接正向影響；而通勤主觀幸福感對於個體的通勤往後的態度亦有顯著的直接影響。具體的通勤旅運活動中，通勤使用運具為非機動運具及大眾運輸，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接負向影響；通勤角色為乘客及駕駛，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接正向影響，而步行者則有間接正向影響；通勤時間對通勤主觀幸福感有間接負向影響；旅途中若需要找車位，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接負向影響；而旅途中當中所從事的活動亦會對通勤主觀幸福感皆有直接且微弱的影響關係。

關鍵字

主觀幸福感；通勤主觀幸福感；通勤旅運經驗；通勤旅運態度；偏最小平方法結構方程模式

並列摘要

The ultimate goal of public policy should make people have a happier life which can be measured by objective and subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. In the past, many researchers regarded travel merely as a derivative activity of an individual instead of regarding it as a meaningful activity. Therefore, relationships among individual experience of travel, people participation in activities, overall living, and people’s travel attitudes are worth further studying. This study aims at discovering relationships among commuting experiences, commuting conditions, commuting SWB, working or studying participating SWB, global SWB and commuting attitudes for the trip purpose of commuting. Questionnaire surveys are used to collect necessary data in this study. To obtain commuting travel experiences, Day Reconstruction Method's (DRM) law is used to design questionnaires. Respondents living or working/schooling in North-Taiwan are invited to provide their latest commuting experiences. Furthermore, SWLS (Satisfaction With Life Scale), SPANE (Scale of Positive and Negative Experience) and STS (Satisfaction with Travel Scale) are used to measured global SWB and commuting SWB. Finally, PLS-SEM is used for path analysis. The results of empirical study show commuting conditions have positive and significant effects on commuting SWB. And commuting SWB has positive and significant effects on working/studying participating SWB. Commuting SWB can also influence global SWB in weak-direct and large-indirect paths. Finally, commuting SWB has positive and significant effects on commuting attitudes. The relationships among commuting experiences for work/school and commuting SWB show that non-motorized vehicles and public transportation have a negative directed effect, either driver or passenger has a positive directed effect, walker has positive indirect effect, and commuting travel time has a negative indirect effect. Seeking for park space in commuting has a negative direct effect on commuting SWB. Some activities in commuting-travel have effects on commuting SWB as well.

並列關鍵字

Subjective Well-Being ； Commuting Subjective Well-Being ； Commuting Travel Experiences ； Commuting Attitude ； Partial Least Squares Structure Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

參考文獻

謝清鐔（2008）。大學校院通勤生學習需求重要性、滿意度與通勤影響學習投入之研究—以台北縣市二十所大學校院為例(碩士論文)。取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/87584386746354077918

黃逸杉（2013）。應用一日重建法和分類與迴歸樹探討主觀幸福感(碩士論文)。取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/56236548849800868456

邱皓政（2011）。當PLS遇上SEM：議題與對話。αβγ量化研究學刊，3(1)，20-53。

Abou-Zeid, M., & Fujii, S. (2015). Travel satisfaction effects of changes in public transport usage. Transportation, 43(2), 301-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9576-3

Amponsah-Tawiah, K., Annor, F., & Arthur, B. (2016). Linking commuting stress to job satisfaction and turnover intention: The mediating role of burnout. Journal Of Workplace Behavioral Health, 31(2), 104-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2016.1159518

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民眾日常通勤經驗與整體主觀幸福感之關聯研究

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