臺灣高教對東南亞學生之影響：探討馬來西亞華人學生來臺念書之原因

自從蔡英文總統當選後，宣佈成立新南向辦公室，這也說明了政府經營東南亞關係的態度。談論到臺灣與東南國家的雙邊關係，臺灣早就與馬來西亞建立了長久民間的關係。馬來西亞每年平均都有一萬多人來到臺灣唸大學，為世界上最多外籍生在臺灣的國家。本論文將討論，為何臺灣可以吸引這麼多馬來西亞學生？馬來西亞是一個多元的種族的國家，百分之六十八為馬來人、百分之二十三為華人、百分之七為其他種族。馬來西亞華人與馬來人之間的愛恨情仇，不僅僅只有在政治和經濟上，教育也是一個雙方爭執的點。目前在馬來西亞，華人教育仍不被官方承認與認可，儘管如此馬來西亞華人仍靠著他們對中文文化的執著，努力的維持馬來西亞「獨立中學」。這些獨立中學的學生畢業後，很難繼續在馬來西亞升學，所以許多獨立中學的畢業生都前往以華文教育為主的臺灣繼續升學。另外一方面，自從中華民國政府退守臺灣後，美國政府擔心共產勢力在東南亞的蔓延，給予中華民國政府美金的援助，使中華民國政府有資金制定「僑生政策」，邀請東南亞華僑前往台灣唸書，同時間也厚實了臺灣教育單位的基礎力量。僑生政策行之有年，教育出很多馬來西亞現在當地的國會議員、公司行號董事長與總經理，這些歸國的僑生，對於臺灣都有濃厚的感情。這些歸國的馬來西亞華人也會以他們在臺灣的自身經驗宣傳給更多的馬來西亞華人。本研究要檢視，為什麼馬來西亞學生想要來臺灣唸書的拉力與推力，以及臺灣對他們的有什麼特別的感覺。同時，以訪談的方式，去進行質化分析，再討論把這些吸引馬來西亞華人的因素轉化成臺灣未來的軟實力。

關鍵字

馬來西亞華文教育；臺灣僑生政策；軟實力

並列摘要

In 2016, the current administration of Tsai, Ing-wen introduced the “New Southbound Policy”, showing the determination of building up a friendly relation towards the Southeast Asia countries. However, Taiwan already created a long tern relations with Malaysia. Over ten thousand of Malaysian Chinese students come and study in Taiwan universities every year, which is the most foreign students in Taiwan. This research is mainly discussing why did these Malaysian Chinese students come and study in Taiwan. Malaysia is a diverse country, with a population of around 32 million; 68.8 percent are Bumiputera (Son of the soil), 23.2 percent are Chinese, 7 percent are Indian. Others ethnic groups make up the final 1 percent. Due to this reason, Malaysia had racial conflicts on politics, economics, and education system. Though the Malaysia Chinese education are still forbid by their government, with the hard work by Malaysian Chinese, it still remains the Chinese Independent School. However, it is unlikely for these students to continue their higher education in Malaysia, therefore Taiwan universities become their best option. After the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan, the United States government worried the Southeast Asia countries would turn “Red” by the influence of China. The United States offered the R.O.C government aid to established the Overseas Chinese Education Policy. This encouraged many Overseas Chinese students from Southeast Asia to study in Taiwan, and this also educated many famous Malaysian Chinese students. These students returned to Malaysia with a close relationship with Taiwan, which can encourage more and more students to study in Taiwan. This research will examine the “Push” and “Pull” factors of Malaysian Chinese students coming to Taiwan. With the research method of In-depth interview to understand the factors, and discuss how to transfer these to Taiwan Soft Power.

並列關鍵字

Malaysia Chinese Education ； Overseas Chinese Education Policy ； Soft Power

參考文獻

Chun-Ni, Chen. “Study on the Chinese Education and Chinese Self-identity in Malaysia”. The Elementary Education Journal, Vol. 64, No. 1, 2017.

高淑清，《質性研究的18堂課首航初探之旅》。臺北：麗文文化事業股份有限公司，2008年。

Case, William. Malaysia Aspects and Audiences of Legitimacy, In Muthiah Alagappa, eds., Political

Bedlington, Stanley. Malaysia and Singapore: The Building of New States. New York: Cornell

legitimacy in Southeast Asia: the quest for moral authority. California: Stanford University Press,

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臺灣高教對東南亞學生之影響：探討馬來西亞華人學生來臺念書之原因

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