菸害防制政策評估之研究：以臺北市戶外無菸環境計畫為例

Evaluation Analysis of Tobacco Control Policy：A Case of the Non-Smoking Outdoor Environment Program in Taipei City

吳妙秋(Miao-Chiu Wu)

指導教授 ： 黃一峯

淡江大學/商管學院/公共行政學系公共政策碩士在職專班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00212

摘要

我國於2009年1月11日修正後的菸害防制法正式上路，雖已規範大多數的室內公共場所禁止吸菸，惟因尚未將人行道、騎樓規範為禁菸場所，故「癮君子」多轉往前述戶外開放場所吸菸，致衍生新的二手菸害問題。隨著民主化過程，人民權利得到保護與尊重，重要的公共議題或政策受到關注，因此，政府在推行公共政策的過程中，人民對公共事務之瞭解、信賴及監督日愈增加，倘若政策不符合民眾的需求或期望，即有可能導致推行成效不彰，甚至失敗。
本研究以探討本市戶外無菸環境政策是否落實，喚起更多民眾拒菸、戒菸意識，或針對可能面臨之問題與影響因素進行政策評估，進一步分析瞭解政策規劃、決策、執行、監督者(利害關係人)之態度與意向。研究以古巴與林肯(Guba and Lincoln，1989)所提出第四評估的挑戰-回應性評估(responsive evaluation) 為方法，以「政策設計妥適性」、「政策行銷能力」、「計畫目標達成度」及「顧客滿意度」等政策評估指標，瞭解利害關係人內心感受的回應，檢視政策推動方案的績效，希冀做為菸害防制相關單位政策研擬修正或擴大施行範圍之參考。
目前政策推動的問題包括：現行取締違規吸菸行為者不易、菸捐之運作違反特別公課原則、法令制定過於疏闊、執行人力與專業知識不足、民眾參與自主性缺乏等，而本研究進一步提出研究結論，分別為：稽查人力不足，加強聯合稽查與輔導、加強菸害防制法執法人員專業知識訓練、擴大及強化區隔禁菸範圍、調漲菸捐之重要性、利用各種途徑和方式推動衛教宣導、禁菸自主管理工作交由專責單位維護管理等，藉此提出現行制度之修正建議，使得菸害防制政策得以落實於法制，進而達成維護國民身體健康之基本權利。

關鍵字

菸害防制法 ； 癮君子 ； 二手菸害 ； 利害關係人 ； 回應性評估

並列摘要

The Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act was amended on January 11, 2009, including prohibition of smoking in most of the indoor public places, but not involved sidewalks, arcade, therefore the "smoking addict" transferred to open outdoor smoking places which resulting a new secondhand smoke exposure problem. With the process of democratization, people's rights are protected and respected, the importance of public issue or policy concern is noted. Hence, there is an increase on people's concern, trust, and supervision about public affairs during the implementation process of public policies. If the policy maker does not meet the people's needs or expectations, it is likely to lead to low effectiveness on the implementation and may ultimately fail.
This purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of outdoor smoke-free environment policy, arouse more people awareness to quit smoking, or understanding the factors may influence of policy evaluation, further analysis to understand the policy planning, decision-making, implementation, supervisor (stakeholders) attitude and intention. Study in Cuba and Lincoln (Guba and Lincoln, 1989) proposed fourth evaluation challenge response assessment (responsive evaluation) is a method to design the policy evaluation indexes such as "policy suitability", "goal attainability level", "marketing ability " and "customer satisfaction" to understand the stakes people respond to feelings, view the policy to promote the project performance, hoping to do for the tobacco control policy of relevant units or expand the scope of the reference implementation of correction.
The current challenges of policy making include: the crackdown on tobacco violators is not easy, the cigarette levies violate the special common principles, the law not rigorous makes the implementation and the lack of professional knowledge, lack of autonomy of public participation, this research further proposes the research conclusion, respectively: the lack of manpower on auditing, strengthen joint inspection and guidance, strengthen professional knowledge training on tobacco control law enforcement personnel, expand and strengthen the segment scope of non-smoking zones,increase tobacco levies, the importance of various ways and means to promote health education, delegate smoking ban autonomous management work to a dedicated unit. As a consequence, amendments are proposed to the existing system to allow a better implementation of the tobacco control policy, and then reach to safeguard the fundamental rights of national health.

並列關鍵字

Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act ； Smoking Addict ； Secondhand Smoke Exposure ； Stakeholder ； Responsive Evaluation

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