船東責任保險油污救助特別補償條款之研究

A Study on SCOPIC Clause of Protection and Indemnity Club

張瑞庭(Jui-Ting Chang)

指導教授 ： 廖述源

共同指導教授 ： 曾文瑞(Wen-Jui Tseng)

淡江大學/商管學院/保險學系保險經營碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00194

摘要

海上船舶事故之油污問題嚴重，加上海洋環境保護意識抬頭，海洋油
污問題受到關注，國際上出現許多有關油污損害賠償之規範條款，本研究蒐集其適用範圍、責任主體、責任限額以及強制保險規定。本文乃以英國不列顛船東責任保險之2014年協會規則為主要研究對象，探討P&I Club之承保範圍以及對船舶所有人油污損害之責任範圍。
為鼓勵救助人對環境之保護，1989年國海難救助公約打破傳統海難救
助｢不成功、無報酬」之原則，訂定第14條特別補償金條款。在實務適用上有許多不確定性，則於1999年P&I Clubs推出SCOPIC條款彌補公約特別補償金的不足，解決了報酬爭議、不明確以及計算複雜的問題。
本文探討SCOPIC之內容，深入研究其條款之適用與撤銷方式、費用
規定與擔保以及SCOPIC報酬裁定與支付，並討論條款對救助人及船舶所有人利弊，希望可以做為將來學界研究船東所有人油污救助特別補償條款之參考文獻。

關鍵字

船東責任保險特別補償條款 ； 責任限額 ； 海難救助 ； 油污染

並列摘要

Oil spill caused by ship accidents is a serious problem. With the rise of environmental awareness, people are paying greater attention to oil spills in the ocean. So far, many international conventions on compensation for damages caused by oil spills have been established. This study attempted to analyze articles governing the scope of application, subject of liability, limitation of liability, and compulsory insurance in these conventions. This study used the 2014 agreement of UK Britannia Ship Owners’ Liability Insurance (P&I Club) as an example and investigate the insurance coverage of P&I Club and the scope of its liabilities for ship owners over damages caused by oil spills.
To encourage salvors’ protection of the environment, the provisions of Article 14 of the International Convention on Salvage 1989 were created despite defying the “No Cure – No Pay” principle. However, many uncertainties still surrounded the application of these provisions in practice. In 1999, P&I Clubs introduced the SCOPIC clause to address the insufficiency of special compensation under the convention and solve controversies, uncertainties, complicated calculation of the remuneration.
This study probed into the content of SCOPIC, with specific focuses on its applicability, withdrawal, tariff rates, award and payment of SCOPIC remuneration, and also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these clauses for salvors and ship owners. Results of this study could be a reference for researchers of special compensation for ship owners over oil spills salvage.

並列關鍵字

SCOPIC ； Salvage ； Limitation of Liability ； Oil Pollution

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