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  • 學位論文

日本企業雇用體系之分析 -以非正式雇用為中心

Analysis of Employment System in Japanese Enterprise:Based on the Temporary Employment

指導教授 : 洪振義

摘要


1990年代初期為止,長期以來日本社會的核心體系「長期雇用體系」:也就是日本所謂的「終身雇用制」、「年功序列制」、「企業內工會」這三種,也稱之為「日本雇用慣行」的雇用體系從戰後以來不僅成為了日本經濟堅固的根基,也對日本整體的社會安定有相當大的幫助,替日本企業培育出許多有用的人才。   但是,帶動全世界日本引以為豪的此雇用體系,隨著泡沫經濟的崩解隨之而來的是日本「失去的十年」。外在因素有 “全球化”的進展,而此時在日本國內也開始出現了“高齡化社會”的現象等雙重因素的影響下,此種制度也開始出現鬆動。經濟成長的低迷加上企業對投資教育訓練的意願低下,從前以正式職員為固定對象的比例開始降低,約聘人員和打工族的比率則逐漸攀升。而這意味著日本企業的雇用型態開始要轉型成多樣化的型態。特別是隨著今後整個經濟環境的變遷,可預想雇用型態應有的樣貌、和工作型態也會逐漸變得更加多元化。 在90年代後半至2000年間日本的非正規化勞動力迅速進展。同時也伴隨著許多問題產生了。在日本的勞動市場中究竟非正式雇用人員增加的原因和背景到底為何呢?將在本論文中進行深度的檢討分析。另外也針對日本企業的雇用體系實態進行探討。   就日本未來的方向性,為對應從以前至今非正式雇用所衍生的問題,要解決非正式雇用的增加主因,日本在今後所採取的對應措施將是影響到日本未來所呈現的雇用體制社會之一大表現。如何活用多樣的雇用型態所造成的負面影響,首先應先制定公正且安定的政策。就結論而言可大致歸納出以下三點。一、促進縮短正式職員上班時間制度。二、應確立中立的雇用型態選擇體制。三、應建構出積極擴充勞動市場的政策。

並列摘要


In the early 1990s, System has long been the core of Japanese society “Long-term employment system”: Japan is the so-called “Lifetime employment system ", " Annual Merits ", " enterprise unions "of these three”. Also known as "Japanese employment practices, to" the employment system, from the post-war Japanese economy has not only become a solid foundation, also the stability of Japanese society as a whole there is a big help, and Useful for many Japanese enterprise cultivate talent. But Japan led the world are proud of the employment system, with the collapse of the bubble economy, followed by a Japanese "lost decade". External factors "globalization" of the progress, at a time when Japan began to appear in the "aging society" phenomenon under the influence of factors such as the double, Such systems are beginning to loosen. This means that employment patterns of Japanese enterprise began to transform into a variety of patterns. In the late 90 to 2000, Japan's non-regularization of the rapid progress of labor. Japan's labor market of the non-regular workers and the background reasons for the increase in the end Why? In this study in-depth review of analysis. The future direction of Japan, for the corresponding date from before the problems arising from informal employment, Japanese counterparts in the future of measures taken will affect the future of the Japanese employment system presents one of the great social performance. As such, we can start to summarize the results of these three policies have started. First, the formal staff for shorter working hours system. Second, should establish a neutral choice of recruiting system. Third, expansion of active labor market policies.

參考文獻


五十嵐吉郎(2009)「非正規雇用の現状と課題-若者の問題を中心として」『立法と調査No.288』。
一、研究論著(50音順):
岩崎日出俊(2009) 『金融資産崩壊-なぜ「大恐慌」は繰り返されるのか』祥伝社。
遠藤聡(2008)「シンガポールにおけるワークフェア所得補助制度」『外国の立法No.236』。
大内伸哉(2009) 『雇用はなぜ壊れたのか-会社の論理vs.労働者の論理』筑摩書房。

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