生命尊嚴與死亡自在：以豪赫•曼里奎作品 《悼亡父》為例

The dignity of life and the liberation of death in Jorge Manrique’s elegy：Coplas por la muerte de su padre

蘇柏名(Po-Min Shu)

指導教授 ： 吳寬

淡江大學/外國語文學院/西班牙語文學系碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2013.00232

摘要

十五世紀為西班牙一個文化轉型之過渡期。以往人們之生活幾乎全以神之教化為中心，中古世紀人們之生活型態，基本上就是傳統基督教思想之反映。然而，受到西班牙數個內部因素以及外來文化等影響，此種以神為本位之活動型態起了變化，逐漸向人文主義靠攏，十五世紀便是處於交界之地帶。此種過渡期之特色，於各類詩歌之主題中，被詩人清楚地呈現出來。透過探討文學主題之變革，便可以理解此種文化轉型之特色，也能更清楚了解詩歌中心思想之歸處為何。《悼亡父》是一部具有道德教化之作品，作者以詩歌之型態，讚頌其父親之豐功偉業並感嘆其逝去，揭示其獨特之生死觀。此部作品於十五世紀完成，內容之文學主題呈現十分豐富，然而根據不同學者之探討，針對此部作品中心思想之歸屬，曾有許多不同看法被提出。於此，本研究就當時之背景，先探討文學主題演變之進程，整理出中世紀以及文藝復興時期常見之詩歌主題，並追尋豪赫•曼里奎之生平以及寫作特色，了解詩人之歷史地位以及其基本之生命價值觀，更進一步探討古典輓歌之傳統，了解傳統基督教生命態度之核心價值。並藉由以上這些探討，與《悼亡父》此部作品中所呈現之文學主題一一比較並印證。此部作品中，可發現於寫作手法上，帶有許多文藝復興時期作品之特點，像是國家化或是現代化，以及作者所提出名望之生命的觀點等。然而若更進一步分析其中心思想，可發現作者之核心價值觀仍與古典輓歌之中心思想緊緊相連。雖然於作品中，作者數度聚焦於父親名望之長存，將父親之形象神格化，但同時也於詩歌後半部，說明此種名望之生命並不會永存，任何世間價值終將隨生命逝去而消失，一切應循神之意志而行，回歸最傳統之基督教生命思維。

關鍵字

豪赫•曼里奎 ； 輓歌 ； 如今安在 ； 中世紀詩歌 ； 生與死

並列摘要

The 15th century is an epoch of cultural transition in Spain. Before that period, people’s life always focused on the Christian teachings. The living form of people in the Middle Ages is actually the reflection of the traditional religion. However, according to the influences from the interior changes and foreign cultures, this kind of living form was totally changed, moving from the former Asceticism of the Middle Ages to the latter Humanism of the Renaissance. The 15th century was a connecting period under this development. The specialty of this cultural transition was clearly showed up in the themes of poetic works. By doing research on the evolution of these literary themes, readers could comprehend clearer about the changes of the social value. Las coplas por la muerte de su padre is a literary work with lots of moral teachings. In this work, Jorge Manrique showed respects to his father’s greatness and was proud of the good deeds done by his father, which serves as starting point on the topic of life and death.
This elegiac work was completed in the 15th century and the display of literary themes among this work is amazingly abundant. Nevertheless, based on limited studies, some scholars held different point of view toward the central idea of this elegy. Hence, this thesis centers on the evolution on literary themes from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and introduces the biographies of Jorge Manrique and his father, Rodriogo Manrique, in order to understand their historical positions and the basic concept of value. Moreover, this thesis analyzed the tradition of classic elegiac works, in order to understand the core value of the early Christianity. In terms of the study above, this thesis tries to make comparisons step by step to prove whether Jorge Manrique’s main idea could be clarified or not.
It was found that this elegy revealed some characteristics of the Renaissance. For instance, Jorge Manrique used the method of nationalization and popularization and also, he placed the importance on the life of fame. After doing further research, this thesis ascertained that although Jorge Manrique emphasized that his father’s fame would endure for a long time, but it wouldn’t last for good because eventually, the life of fame would disappear in the history, just like other secular values. Jorge Manrique deified his father and regarded him as the perfect model of life but in the end, he admitted that we human’s value would never transcend God’s will ultimately so if we would like to gain the eternal life after we die, we should follow God’s will and teachings to live. In the other word, this idea of the poet shows its links with the Middle Ages, not the Renaissance.

並列關鍵字

Jorge Manrique ； elegy ； ubi sunt ； medieval poetry ； life and death

參考文獻

(瀏覽日期: 2013年3月30日。)

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Salinas,Pedro, Jorge Manrique o tradicion y originalidad, Biblioteca Breve de Bolsillo, Spain, 1974.