中國大陸對台灣的國際參與政策之演變－以馬總統第一任期為例

The Evolution of China’s Policies toward Taiwan’s International Participation：A Study on President Ma’s First Term

梁軒銘(Hsuan-Ming Liang)

指導教授 ： 張五岳

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00245

摘要

2008年台灣二度政黨輪替後，馬總統提出兩岸「外交休兵」及「活路外交」理念，北京當局鑑於我政府僅參加經濟性、功能性國際組織，不以爭取邦交國為目的，且不堅持參加名稱，故同意由我前副總統連戰代表出席「亞太經濟合作組織（APEC）」領袖會議，並得以「觀察員」身分出席「世界衛生大會（WHA）」，顯示其對台灣參與國際活動立場有所變化。與此同時，大陸仍未終止在國際場域對我杯葛作為，除北京奧運、東京影展先後傳出對我方參與名義打壓情事，且官方不斷重申反對台灣參與任何具主權形式、意涵之國際組織與活動，強調相關議題應由兩岸先期協商，反對外國勢力介入與干涉，反映其不因兩岸關係趨緩鬆動「一個中國」原則。
總體而言，現階段中共對台灣參與國際活動立場與策略，概有堅持「一個中國」原則、採取個案處理模式、強調兩岸先期協商及力避外國勢力介入等原則，其中中共領導人意圖為首要關鍵，其他包括台灣政黨輪替、兩岸就「和平統一」目標之認知與互動，以及大陸綜合實力持續上升等，均為可能影響其政策主要變因。蓋言之，現階段中共處理台灣參與國際活動方針可以「現狀基本維持不變，拓展則需酌情處理」概括，一方面捍衛「一個中國」原則，另方面則冀藉此推進兩岸關係發展，然主要任務仍在於「維護主權」，故在兩岸政治互信有所不足，且對「一中」涵義認知仍存在分歧情況下，短期內在涉及「主權」等國際空間議題上恐難有大幅進展。

關鍵字

台灣國際空間 ； 一個中國原則 ； 外交休兵 ； 兩岸涉外事務

並列摘要

After in 2008 the Taiwan two degree political party changes, President Ma proposed both banks “the diplomatic retired soldier” and “the means of livelihood diplomacy” the idea, the Beijing authority considers my government only to participate in the efficiency, the functionality international organization, take does not strive for the diplomatic relation country as the goal, also does not persist the participation name, therefore agreed the successive battles “the Asian and Pacific economic cooperation organizes (APEC)” by my former vice president on behalf of the attendance the leader conference, and can “the observer” the identity attendance “world health assembly (WHA)”, demonstrate it participates in the international active standpoint to Taiwan having the change.At the same time, the mainland the termination has still not boycotted in the international field territory to me took that, eliminates the Beijing Olympic Games, the Tokyo film preview spreads successively to us participates in the name hitting presses the circumstances, also official reiterated unceasingly opposed Taiwan participates in any sovereignty form, Italy contains the international organization and the activity, emphasized the correlation subject should consult ahead of time by both banks, opposed because the foreign influence involvement and the interference, reflected it both banks relations becoming slower not to become less crowded “a China” the principle.
Overall, the present stage Chinese Communist Party participates in the international active standpoint and the strategy to Taiwan, has generally persisted “a China” the principle, adopts the case processing pattern, emphasized both banks consulted and try best to avoid principles and so on foreign influence involvement, in which Chinese Communist Party leader intention were the most important keys ahead of time, because other including the Taiwan political party change, both banks on “the peaceful unification” cognition of and the interaction the goal, as well as the mainland synthesis strength constant rise and so on, affected its policy for the possibility mainly to change.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan international space ； one China principle ； diplomacy retired soldier ； foreign affairs across the Taiwan Strait

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