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  • 學位論文

胡笳十八拍研究

A Study of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute

指導教授 : 陳慶煌

摘要


《胡笳十八拍》是敘寫東漢末年,蔡琰被擄北方十餘年後,飽受憂患才重返中原的故事,這樣一個在離亂中產生的悲憤作品,從文獻中還可以找到數篇同題詩,但是在文學史上鮮少有不同性情文人,跨朝代以同題詩來相應和的情形,這其中必有密切關聯的地方值得探討。 《胡笳十八拍》除了有詩以外,還可以找到音樂、繪畫、小說及戲劇方面的作品呈現,但鑑於前人對《胡笳十八拍》在音樂、繪畫和戲劇方面的研究已多所成就,故本論文著重在於詩文上的分析,但為求此研究之完整性故亦兼論及《胡笳十八拍》其他相關體裁的呈現。 緣蔡琰另有二首《悲憤詩》述說此不幸遭遇,特於第三章比較其與《胡笳十八拍》之異同,然後再作深入之探討。茲就研究《胡笳十八拍》心得,摘錄於下: 一、《胡笳十八拍》以蔡琰故事為題材,同題詩的作者們藉由文學的想像及自身的經歷,賦予同題詩更寬廣的想像空間及生命力。 二、胡笳聲受限於胡笳樂器的特徵,擅長表現懷土思鄉之哀怨情感,因此之故,現存的《胡笳十八拍》琴譜依然保存「哀笳慢拍」的特色。 三、《胡笳十八拍圖》在宋以後大量被繪製,繪者多是藉題發揮、有所託寓,然而畫中的人物、飾品和風俗具有當代的風格,可作為考察繪者當代社會風俗的佐證。 四、「文姬歸漢」故事至今仍不斷的在舞台上演著,不管文姬的形象如何被塑造,歷史上那個詩才出眾、悲慘遭遇的文姬形象,已牢牢的深植在人們的心中。 總之,蔡琰以其本身的毅力和尊嚴成為中國文化在詩歌、音樂、繪畫和戲劇中最傑出的女性藝術原型之一,而這一原型的外表和歷史的蔡文姬形象,在呈現上早已有了顯著的不同。

關鍵字

胡笳十八拍 文姬歸漢 蔡琰 胡笳

並列摘要


A study of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute is the album to describe the struggling life of a war prisoner in North China in the Han Dynasty. The album was describing the feelings of the authors in the hardship and there were some creations using the same title to respond each other, which is rare to find in the history. Therefore it must deserve to find the connections. In addition to the poetry, there are still creations of music, painting, novelette, and drama in the album of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute. This thesis focuses on the analysis of poetry in it because there had been a lot of studies of music, painting, novelette, and dram. The third chapter compares the grief and indignation poems which has the same title and was created by the same author, Cai Yan to the poem in the album of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute, because the formers were not collected in the same album as the latter. Then the next step is to do the analysis deeply in the poetry. After my researching, there are some findings, 1) The main story was focused on the role, Cai Yan and other authors expanded the life of the album by adding their imagine and experience in literary. 2) Nomad Flute has the outstanding feature to show the feelings of missing hometown by its special sounds. As a result, the existing music in the album of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute still has the aforementioned special feature to show the author’s feelings of missing hometown. 3) After the Sung Dynasty, a lot of artists had their paintings based on Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute to show their concerns to the society. The details of these paintings have the feature of that time, which is good evidence to know the life style in Sung Dynasty. 4) The Story of Ts”ai Wen-chi is still played in nowadays. The role, Wen-chi, had been shown by different images but everyone remembers the image that she was a gifted female scholar in poetry but lived in hardship. As a result, the author of Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute, Cai Yan, had been seen one of the outstanding female scholars in the history by showing her talent and thinking in the album. Although the role of the album, Ts”ai Wen-chi, was thought as the reflection of the author, they had developed different image and position by the supplementing to the album by other scholars in the later age.

參考文獻


嚴可均校輯《全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文》,(台北:宏業書局)
蔡瑜〈辭離經歷與身分認同—蔡琰的悲憤交響曲〉,《婦女與兩性學刊》第八期,民國86年4月,頁29-54
鄭振鐸《插圖本中國文學史》,(台北:商務印書館,民國54年)
梁明雄《王安石詩研究》,東海大學中國文學研究所碩論,民國62年
李德瑞著、吳伏生譯〈蔡琰藝術原型在詩畫中的轉換〉,《中外文學》第22卷第十一期,民國83年4月,頁108-124

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