後冷戰時期英國軍備管制政策(1990-2008)

British arms control policy in the Post Cold War Era (1990-2008)

詹依菱(Yi-Ling Chan)

指導教授 ： 蔡政文

共同指導教授 ： 卓忠宏(Chung-Hung Cho)

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00289

摘要

冷戰結束前後的國際軍備管制與裁軍議題，隨著國際局勢的變化，有了很大的不同。無論是在國際條約、國際組織機制或是國家內部管制方面，都有大幅改善。在1950年代期間，英國的政策有了從一般和完全裁軍到軍備管制的轉變，所參與的國際條約及協商規範，一直是英國制定相關國防安全政策的影響來源。到冷戰結束，甚至911事件之後，軍備管制議題都是國際社會所關注的焦點。

本文研究架構，以後冷戰時期英國軍備管制的政策發展及政策內容為主軸，運用國際關係中的現實主義分析，評估英國制定軍備管制政策的動機與目的。本文內容包括：首先，回顧80年代英國軍備管制的政策發展及內容，及其促成政策形成的因素，並描述政策發展概況與評估；其次，隨著國際情勢改變，後冷戰時期到911事件後英國軍備管制的政策發展與內容所發生的變化，促成其變化的因素，並針對政策改變作概況及評估；最後，歸納英國軍備管制政策的執行成效，進而論述未來展望，並提出英國未來對軍管議題的可能態度。

本研究發現，英國對軍備管制政策的態度，受到國內外因素的影響，逐漸趨於明朗化。體悟到武力不再是對抗外來威脅的唯一選項，而是透過如政經、外交、文化，或是各國間的情報與資訊交流才是有效應付外來威脅的最佳方式也符合國家利益考量。英國為鞏固國際地位的努力及捍衛自身國家利益的企圖，可作為我國的一個借鏡。

關鍵字

英國 ； 軍備管制 ； 大規模毀滅性武器

並列摘要

Before and after the end of Cold War Era, the international arms control issue has great differences along with international situation's change. No matter in the international convention, organization or the national control mechanism has the large improvement. During the 1950s there was a transition in British policy from disarmament to arms control, what joined the international treaty, had been the influence origin that Britain formulates the related national security policy. In the 21st century, arms control issue has been concerned by international society.
The research structure in this text takes the British arms control policy development and policy content in the Post Cold War Era as the main axle, uses the approach of realism in the international relations to analyze, and evaluates the motive and purpose of arms control policy that Britain formulated. The content of text includes, first, reviewed the development of British arms control policy in the 1980s, the factor which the policy formed, then made the summary and evaluation of the policy development. Second, because international situation's change, from the Post Cold War Era to 911 events after, the change that the development of British policy occurred, the factor which caused its change and made the summary and evaluation for the policy change. Finally, concluded the executive effect of arms control policy, further elaborated the prospect and raised British possible attitude for arms control issue in the future.
From research findings knowing that the influence of factor exterior and interior, made British attitude of arms control policy more clear. Britain recognized that military force wasn’t the only option when resisted external threat, but through politics, economy, diplomacy, or inter-country exchange could be the best way that dealt with external threat, and met national interest. Britain hard to consolidate international status and attempt to defend national interest, the spirit is worth learning for our country.

並列關鍵字

UK ； Arms Control ； Weapons of Mass Destruction

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