女性軍職人員工作壓力之研究-以台北市憲兵單位為例

The Analysis of the Job Stress of Women in Military Services：A Case Study of Taipei City Military Police Unit

周雅敏(Ya-Min Chou)

指導教授 ： 黃琛瑜

淡江大學/商管學院/公共行政學系公共政策碩士在職專班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.00286

摘要

在我國各軍種中，憲兵具有其獨立性，憲兵係隸屬國防部主掌軍事警察權，協助社會治安、衛戍首都、警衛國防重要設施(機敏處所安全)、支援三軍作戰。另憲兵亦依「國家安全局特種勤務實施條例」，遂行國安情報蒐集及執行特種勤務。對此，本研究即以台北市地區憲兵女性軍職人員為例進行探討其潛藏的工作壓力來源為何。為了瞭解這種關聯性，我們以深度訪談方式從軍事社會化的脈絡裡，探討台北市憲兵單位女性軍職人員的工作壓力來源與年齡、升遷、家庭因素是否緊密相關，以理解她們如何透過工作之人際互動，去體會階級及相關規範是否與身份的扮演有何關聯上。本研究結果發現，綜合而言女性的特質仍然能夠帶給憲兵單位在任務上的必要協助，對於憲兵來說女性仍然具備必要的存在價值。而相對於目前社會環境來說，憲兵單位雖然因為勤務的增加，導致工作壓力相對較大，甚至在台北市的憲兵與家人及朋友相處時間明顯較少，但在穩定的工作環境中，仍能提供女性軍職人員一個安定的工作環境。然而由於國家政策的關係，導致對於職業軍職人員與相關的政策、規範及保障，並無法完全滿足需求，但女性具有安於現狀、謹守本分的特質，相對於男性軍職人員，更具有穩定單位的能力。即便如此，傳統女性堅忍的特質，雖然在經濟來源與工作穩定的環境中，能夠獲得基本的滿足，但對於先天上身體的限制上，受到來自工作環境的壓力，女性軍職人員仍須付出相對於男性較多的時間與努力，才能得到體能上與工作上的成果。最後，本文建議：相關單位首先應對女性的憲兵人員即早為妥善規劃安排技能專才要求與升遷管道規劃，性別角色的傳統化導致職務歷練面臨重重困難或保護，產生了女憲生涯發展的困境，亦因部隊組織的「玻璃天花板效應」和性別角色的壓力，而傾向選擇「工時穩定」的幕僚職。因此軍方在設計女憲的經管制度或開放職缺給女憲時，不應只著眼於生物體能的差異、部隊特性或個人意願等表面上可見的徵候條件，而是要從更深層的從軍隊性別角色建構定位作考量。

關鍵字

女性憲兵 ； 工作壓力 ； 軍事單位 ； 角色定位 ； 家庭生活 ； 生涯發展

並列摘要

Within the Taiwanese armed forces, the Military Police enjoy a considerable degree of autonomy. Reporting directly to the Ministry of National Defense, the Military Police are responsible for performing policing duties within the armed forces, assisting in the maintenance of public order, protecting the national capital, guarding important national defense facilities (including highly sensitive facilities), and supporting the army, navy and air force in their combat roles. In addition, in accordance with the provisions of the Statute Governing the Performance of Special Service by the National Security Bureau, the Military Police are also responsible for collecting information relating to national security, and for undertaking special missions. The present study examines the causes of job stress for female Military Police in the Taipei City region. In order to gain a fuller understanding of the linkages involved, the study uses in-depth interviews to explore, from the perspective of socialization into military life, whether there is a close relationship between the job stress experienced by female Military Police stationed in the Taipei City area and factors such as age, promotional prospects, family matters, etc., and to examine the ways in which female Military Police utilize interpersonal interaction, and whether rank and the related restrictions affect how they act out their personal identity. The study finds that, overall, women’s unique characteristics enable them to provide vital support for Military Police units; from the point of view of the Military Police, it is clearly valuable to have female personnel assigned to a unit. By comparison with the situation in society as a whole, while the increased workload experienced by the Military Police in recent years has led to an increase in job stress, and has reduced the amount of time that Military Police stationed in the Taipei area are able to spend with family and friends, nevertheless, working in the Military Police still constitutes a stable working environment for women. Government policy has created a situation where the policy measures, rules and safeguards applying to long-service, career military personnel do not fully meet personnel’s needs; however, women are generally more willing than men to put up with the status quo, and thus help to provide a stable, solid core within Military Police units. While women’s characteristic tenacity, and the ability to enjoy job and income security, ensure that female Military Police derive a reasonable level of satisfaction from their work, the fact that women tend on average to be physically weaker than men means that they often find themselves having to expend more time and effort than men to perform the same tasks and achieve the same results. The study’s recommendations are as follows: The relevant authorities should give priority to arranging proper professional skill enhancement and career planning for female Military Police. Traditional attitudes towards gender roles cause numerous problems for female personnel during training and in the exercise of their duties, which in turn can be an obstacle for female personnel’s career development. Due to the impact of the “glass ceiling” and the pressure to conform to conventional gender roles, female Military Police often choose to take on administrative roles which have regular working hours. When designing career paths for female Military Police or deciding to open up particular posts to women, the military authorities should consider more than just physiological differences between the sexes, the special characteristics of the particular unit or personal preferences; they should also undertake a comprehensive, in-depth revaluation of the positioning of gender roles within the military.

並列關鍵字

Female Military Police ； job stress ； military units ； role positioning ； home life ； career development

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