《說文解字》中軍事相關字彙之研究

文化是人類在精神、物質二方面的累積，換言之，今日的文化現象即是古代文化累積的結果﹔然而，累積的現象不僅在於承襲固有的內容，也在於創新與發展，也只有如此，人類社會才得以延續﹔不過，文化既然是發展的結果，那麼在某一特定時期的文化現象必然有其特殊的意義，因此，對於古有的文化進行闡釋也有了理論的基礎，而這個基礎也將展現對人類存在的意義與創造能力的價值。而對於古代文化的研究，可以透過詞義的分析，來反映出古代文化在文字中所遺存下來的文化訊息，這些訊息包括了文化形成的背景、文化內容的特質、文化繼承與發展等﹔而將數個詞彙以系統的方式呈現時，更能呈現某一時期的文化現象﹔而漢語與中國文化本有著密不可分的關係，透過漢語語義的分析研究，所展現的就是一個具有中國特色的文化現象﹔於此，將東漢許慎所著的《說文解字》一書所載錄的字彙予以系統的整理與分析，不僅了解漢朝及其前代所保存的文化內容外，也能夠對於詞義記錄文化的功能與發展有所認識與幫助。本文的研究主要以《說文解字》為文本，將此書中的文字按其字義找出與軍事戰爭內容相關的文字，並加以分類﹔並按其不同的類別予以文化上的詮釋以探討先民在軍事戰爭的現象﹔在每一單元中，均先以歷史觀點來簡要敘述其內容的重點，再以《說文解字》中所存留的相關字彙來檢視這些演變及現象，若原文字不足以敘述其時之文化現象時，則以相關之研究書籍做為補充說明。本文畫分的類別有三﹕○一軍隊文化﹔○二防禦防護文化﹔○三兵器文化﹔﹔從此三類來一窺《說文》中所記錄的軍事文化。由於本文的目的在於文化的詮釋，因此，字義的解說將不以許慎所述的本義為限，若各家同解《說文解字》中的字彙時，相關內容的字彙而許慎卻不同意見時，仍加以收錄，以展現漢朝前的軍事戰爭的現象﹔又所解述的字彙其所從之部首或相關的字彙可幫助了解時，亦加以援引之。又古文字的解析往往較許慎所述更貼近字形本義，本文研究的立場在於文化的探究，因此，並不以許慎所述為非，因其所言乃漢時文字使用的概念，執是之故，古文字的研究成果反而呈現的是歷史的演變現象，因此，本研究只要是以《說文解字》的字彙為文本，相關的古文字研究成果若相關於軍事戰爭現象的，亦加以收錄之。因此，以《說文解字》的字彙為中心文本，再從古文字的成果，先秦古書、漢時書籍的徵引，許慎的解釋三者為依據，而展現了先秦至漢朝的軍事戰爭的現象，而此現象正反映了此時期及其前的文化特質及現象。

關鍵字

漢字文化；軍事文化；說文解字

並列摘要

The culture is mankind in two accumulation, in other words of the aspects of spirit,material, the cultural phenomenon of today is the result of the ancient cultural accumulation;However, the accumulated phenomenon not only lies in inheritting title the proper content, but also lies in the innovation and develops, also only having thus, mankind the society just can continue;However, the culture is the result of the development since, hasing it special meaning by all means at the certain particular period cultural phenomenon so, therefore, the culture that have for the ancient time carries on the foundation that explained to also have the theories, and this foundation is also the meaning that the display exists to the mankind and the value that creates the ability. And for the research of the culture of ancient times, can through the analysis of the phrase righteousness, the cultural message that reflect the ancient culture in the writing to save down , these messages include the cultural the formation of the characteristic,culture of the background,the cultural content inherits and develop...etc.;And present by system several phrase, even can present certain the cultural phenomenon that expect at that time;And the Chinese language and Chinese culture have the inseparable relation originally, through the analytical research of the Chinese language language righteousness, is a cultural phenomenon that has the Chinese special features what to emerge;Hereat, allows the east Han dynasty carefully wear of “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” the vocabulary that one book carries to record gives the sorting and analysis of the system, not only understanding the cultural content that the Han dynasty and its ex- generation keep the outside, but also canning has the understanding and helping to the cultural function and development of the phrase righteousness recording. Textual research mainly with “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” write an article originally, press this writing in the book its meaning of a word find out with the related writing of the military war content, and take into the classification;The phenomenon that also give the annotation on the culture according to its different category to inquire into first the people at the military the war;In each unit, come to the point that the synopsis describes its content with the history standpoint all and first, again with “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” in examine these the related vocabulary that save to stay turn into and phenomenon, if the original text word shortage with describe it its cultural phenomenon, then is used as the complement explanation with the related research book. The category that this text divides the line contain three ﹕1. troops cultures;2. defense protection cultures;3.weapon cultures;From now on three types of to offer a glimpse of “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” a military culture for recording. Because the textual purpose lies in the annotation of the culture, therefore, the explication of the meaning of a word will not with allow carefully say of original meaning for limit, if each solve together “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” medium vocabulary, the vocabulary of the related content and carefully but different opinion, still take in to register, with the military emerging before Han dynasty warlike of phenomenon;The vocabulary that say the solution again it from it the radical or related vocabulary can help understanding, also taking in to cite it. The again ancient literalness analyzes to usually allow more carefully say to even come close the form original meaning, the position of this text research lies in the investigation of the culture, therefore, not with carefully say for not, because the what it said is a east Han dynasty the writing uses of concept, hold is it past, ancient literalness research the result presents on the contrary of turn into the phenomenon historically, therefore, this research as long as with “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” of the vocabulary writes an article originally, related ancient writing research result if related in the military war phenomenon of, also take in to register it.Therefore, with “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” of vocabulary for the center text originally, again from the ancient literalness result, first the dog's-ear of hour of books , east Han dynasty advertises for to lead, the one who allow explain carefully threes is basises, and emerged first the military of QIN2 ZHI4 Han dynasty is warlike of phenomenon, and this phenomenon was positive and negative to reflect to expect at this time and it the cultural characteristic and phenomenon that is ex-.