於柯慈《屈辱》小說中後種族隔離時期下南非的暴力、恥辱與責任

Violence, Shame, and Responsibility in Post-Apartheid South Africa in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace

蔡淑惠(Shu-hui Tsai)

指導教授 ： 蔡振興

淡江大學/外國語文學院/英文學系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00422

摘要

此篇論文是以生態女性哲學的觀點閱讀柯慈的小說《屈辱》。在第一章裡我主張《屈辱》中二元論合理化各種不同層面的暴力。柯慈將人類間的衝突例如男人與女人、殖民者與被殖者的對立面擴張到人與動物的對立面。我將會用薇爾•普魯姆德和凱倫•華倫的理論檢視對抗動物的暴力和對抗女人的暴力之間的相關性。此外，我呈現主角魯睿二元對立的思考型塑他語言的使用。在第二章我著手探討恥辱這個主題。對柯慈而言小說中哪些情況下會使得角色人物蒙受恥辱?這章試圖闡述憑藉恥辱魯睿的生命和其他角色有了連結，並且他產生對女人和動物獨特的一體感。露西被強暴後魯睿開始想像受害者的痛苦。我認為柯慈寫這本小說挑戰西方的理性主義，他模糊了男人和女人、殖民和被殖民者、人和非人動物間的二元對立。在第三章我強調這本小說提出了倫理問題，因此會將焦點放在責任的內涵上。我認為魯睿盡力要對狗和歌劇負責，並主張柯慈提倡生態倫理。魯睿最後積極重建人和非人類動物間的關係，也在他創作的歌劇裡讓父權世界裡的女性弱者發出聲音。在我的結論裡，我認為柯慈沒有透過田園式的文體直接解決後殖民的問題，反而他轉向關懷動物的權益。我強調非得要挑戰二元論述才有達成人類解放的可能。

關鍵字

二元論 ； 薇爾•普魯姆德 ； 凱倫•華倫 ； 女人 ； 動物 ； 主人 ； 身體 ； 理性 ； 生態倫理

並列摘要

This thesis looks at J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace in terms of ecofeminism. In Chapter One, I point out the pitfalls of dualism that justifies all kinds of violence in Disgrace, especially the violence against animals and women. In addition, I observe that Lurie’s language is shaped by dualist thinking. In Chapter Two, I bring the theme of shame to bear with these questions: What does Coetzee mean by “disgrace”? Under what circumstances do individuals feel ashamed of themselves? This chapter attempts to illustrate how shame puts Lurie’s life in connection with others, arguing that Lurie tries to imagine the victim’s suffering after the rape of Lucy. I consider Coetzee in writing this novel challenges western rationalism. The dualism of humans and animals, men and women, and whites and blacks is thus blurred. In Chapter Three, I focus on the ethical question of responsibility in that Lurie endeavors to take responsibility for both dogs and opera, which gestures toward an ecological ethic. For me, Lurie actively reconstructs the human relationship with animals and liberates feminine voices from the patriarchal world in his opera. Though Coetzee does not directly solve the postcolonial problem, he alerts the reader to the attention of animal rights. In other words, human liberation will not be achieved without challenging our dualist attitudes toward people, the environment and other life forms.

並列關鍵字

Dualism ； Plumwood ； Warren ； Dualism ； Master ； Animal ； Women ； body ； reason ； ecological ethic

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