薩德：惡的哲學與踰越

Sade: the philosophy of evil and the transgression

郭淇芯(Chi-Hsin Kuo)

指導教授 ： 賴軍維

共同指導教授 ： 蔡淑玲

淡江大學/外國語文學院/法國語文學系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00256

摘要

薩德侯爵是法國十八世紀著名的情色作家，他以其顛覆禁忌的情色幻想，以及諷刺宗教、道德及社會的體制聞名。他歷經君主、共和、恐怖統治、帝國等多次改朝換代的時期，並深受啟蒙思潮及法國大革命的影響，使得其一系列的情色著作充斥著暴力、矛盾與批判的踰越思想。
從二十世紀中葉以來，許多西方知名的作家讚譽薩德的文學價值，如羅蘭巴特、傅科、巴岱耶等人，認為薩德以其惡的哲學思想去實踐浪蕩子的反抗精神，著實呈現出人性惡的一面。然而，在東方卻少有評論家提及薩德文本中的超前衛思想，這個現象正反映著當代宗教、社會及道德的現實問題。本論文即以文本分析的方法，分別探討薩德如何藉其扭曲與邪惡的自然觀，從自然情慾與自然罪惡的面向，探索想像力的極限，從而跨越禁忌的界限，來闡述惡在宗教、道德及社會律法三方面的踰越表現，分述於第二、三、四章。第一章主要說明研究動機、目的與方法，以及惡與踰越之定義。第二章討論邪惡自然的本體論與否定神學、崇拜非道德、無政府主義之間的關係。第三章研究薩德在宗教上的褻瀆式語言及自相矛盾的否定理論。第四章涉及道德思想，著重浪蕩子的超人哲學在非理性與理性之間難以定位的邏輯思維。

關鍵字

惡 ； 踰越 ； 無神論 ； 淫蕩縱慾 ； 自私利己 ； 褻瀆式語言 ； 禁忌

並列摘要

The Marquis de Sade is a famous writer of eroticism with erotic fantasies that overthrows interdicts and sarcasm of religions, morality and social systems. He had been through periods of monarchy, republicanism, terrorism governance, and imperialism and was greatly affected by the enlightenment as well as French Revolution, making his works of eroticism full of violence, contradiction and criticism in transgression thoughts.
Since middle of the twentieth century, many western famous authors, such as Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Georges Bataille, have praised the literature value of Sade. They believe that Sade put the spirit of revolt of libertines into practice with the thoughts of the philosophy of evil, truly presenting the side of evil of human nature. However, there are rare critics mentioning the avant-garde thoughts in the works of Sade. Such a phenomenon reflects the realistic problem of contemporary religions, society and morality. The researcher, in textual analysis method, discusses how Sade, with the twisted and evil views of nature, in the dimensions of natural erotic feelings and natural evil, explores the limits of imagination and then crosses the border of interdicts to expound the transgression performance of the evil in religions, morality and social laws and regulations. Chapter One explains study motif, purposes and method with definitions of the evil and transgression. Chapter Two explores the relation of natural ontology and denial of theology of the evil and the worship of non-moral and anarchism. Chapter Three is the study of language of blasphemes in religions and self-contradictory denial theory of Sade. Chapter Four involves thoughts of morality, focusing on the philosophy of superman of libertines, the logical thinking difficult to be positioned between non-rationality and rationality.

並列關鍵字

evil ； transgression ； atheism ； libertinage ； selfishness ； language of sacrilege ； interdict

參考文獻

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蔡淑玲，〈巴岱儀的否定與踰越〉，中外文學，第24卷，第2期，1995年7月，p.116-127。

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