在延遲付款機制下零售商最佳補貨策略之退化性商品存貨模式

A study of optimal retail's ordering policies in the deteriorating items model under permissible delay in payments

翁明偉(Ming-wei Weng)

指導教授 ： 張紘炬

淡江大學/管理學院/管理科學研究所碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00201

摘要

過去企業為了提升自身的競爭優勢，皆是以單方面的立場來考慮如何減少成本、增加利潤。但是今非昔比，單單只是提升自身的競爭力稍嫌不足，尚需要企業間的合作。透過供應鏈管理整合上、中、下游夥伴，彼此協商合作追求最大共同利益的管理模式。這是在現今市場交易中常常看到的現象之一，就是供應商會提供給零售商或是零售商給予顧客一延遲付款期限，不需要立即付錢，於期限到時再付即可。以及在期限內賣出的商品享有不需支付利息的好處，而對於供應商也會有吸引零售商與顧客購買其商品的好處。
本研究主要在同時考慮零售商與供應商、零售商與顧客彼此之間的合作關係下，考慮與時間有關之一般化需求的退化性商品且退化率為變動，其目的在平均成本最小化的原則下發展出一個存貨模式，推導出一個判斷準則提供零售商如何在不同延遲付款情況下，找出最小平均成本的存貨策略，以期能廣泛被運用在實務上。
第三章，我們將依據文獻探討所獲得之概念，進一步發展出本研究之模式，即建立一個同時考量與時間有關之一般化需求函數及供應商與零售商同時提供延遲付款機制之存貨模式，以提供零售商如何訂定最佳之存貨策略；第四章，我們將利用數值範例來對所提出模式之應用作驗證，並針對模式中各參數之變動如何影響存貨成本作一敏感性分析，以了解各參數對存貨模式的影響；最後，我們將於第五章中對本文提出一些結論，並進一步提出未來研究方向。

關鍵字

退化性商品 ； 延遲付款 ； 平均成本 ； 與時間相關需求

並列摘要

In the past, the enterprises increase their own competitive advantage by considering how to reduce cost and increase profit. On the other hand, they need not only increase their own competitive ability, but also cooperate with others. Through skill of supply chain management, they integrate upriver, center, and downriver partner in order to make greatly common benefit of management pattern each other. In practice, this is one phenomena that supplier would offer his retailers/customers a delay period ,which means the retailers/customers should not pay for the items immediately when the items are received from supplier. The retailers/customers could sell the goods and accumulate revenue and earn interest within the trade credit period, which may stimulate retailers and customers’ demand.
This study considers a general lot size inventory model for deteriorated items with time varying demand and deterioration rates not only between retailers and suppliers but also between retailers and customers. Under the condition, our model as an average cost minimization problem determine efficiently the retailer’s optimal ordering policies in order to let the model be used broadly in practice. In section 3, we attempt to develop a general inventory model for deteriorating items with time varying demand under the conditions of permissible delay in payments from the existing literature in order to determine the optimal ordering policies for retailers. In section 4, we use some numerical examples to illustrate the model and then make the discussion about sensitivity analysis for each parameter. In section 5, we make a summary and provide some suggestion for future research.

並列關鍵字

deteriorating items ； permissible delay in payments ； average cost ； time-varying demand

參考文獻

[1] 陳文慶(2002)，損耗性商品在延遲付款期限下之供應鏈存貨模式，私立中原大學工業工程學系碩士學位論文

[28] Mak, K. L. (1982) A production lot size inventory model for deteriorating items. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 6(4),309-317.

[2] 楊志德(2002)，需求與價格有關且部分欠撥之退化性產品的生產批量存貨模式，私立淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士學位論文

[1] Aggarwal, V. & Bahari-Kashani, H. (1991) Synchronized prodection policies for deteriorating items in a declining market. IIE Transactions, 23, 185-197.

[2] Aggarwal, S. P. & Jaggi, C. K.(1995) Ordering policies of deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 46, 658-662.