法國家庭政策之研究—以女性角度觀點

The Studies of French Family Policy- with Prospects Female Perspective

郭婕伶(Chieh-Ling, Kuo)

指導教授 ： 林立

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00451

摘要

近年來，世界各國的出生率明顯下降，在各國鼓勵生育的同時，法國早在十九世紀便意識到其出生率不高，未來幼年人口減少、人口老化等問題也油然而生，因此為了提高其出生率，法國便開始實行家庭津貼，之後更有了完善的家庭政策等各種措施來提高其出生率，其成果從法國實行家庭政策之後，漸漸顯現出來，法國在2010年的總生育率是2.01，法國同時也是歐盟國家中出生率最高的國家其中之一，而歐盟在2009年的總生育率大約為1.6。

但自古以來，傳統婦女的角色定位於「家庭照顧者」，家庭中的幼兒、殘病、及老年人，都被視為是婦女的責任，但隨著女性意識抬頭和勞動市場結構的改變，婦女就業率逐漸上升，在越來越多的婦女投入就業市場的情況下，傳統觀念使得女性受到束縛，面臨工作與家庭照顧的衝突，而面臨充雙重壓力。

綜合以上可知，法國家庭政策的推廣的成效極大，不僅維持了經濟發展，更穩定了人口結構，法國的家庭政策提供適當的社會福利，減輕婦女壓力，讓婦女可以同時兼顧工作與家庭。不僅如此，法國家庭政策更因應了社會和家庭結構的改變而不斷做出適當的調整，來強化家庭功能並有效的提升出生率，因此法國也被視為家庭政策的典範。

本文將探討法國家庭政策的起源與政策內容，並以女性角度作為出發點來審視法國家庭政策的內容，以及該政策未來的挑戰與展望。

關鍵字

法國家庭政策 ； 兒童照顧 ； 家庭津貼 ； 親職假 ； 女性主義

並列摘要

In recent years, the birth rate of the developed countries in the world has decreased, so these countries are trying so hard to encourage their fertility. But France had already realized that their birth rate is not high in the nineteenth century. They also know if their fertility keep low, they would meet a lot of population problem. For Example, aging of population.
In order to raise their fertility rate, French began to implement family allowances, and after that, Family Policy was set.
And now , we can see in 2010 French’s total fertility rate is 2.01, and France is also one of the highest birth rates in the EU countries.
Since ancient times, the traditional women's role in family has been thought as caregivers, they needed to take care of their children, and the elderly in their family. But with the rise of feminist consciousness and the change of the structure of the labor market, the employment rate of women is gradually rising, more and more women enter the labor market, the women have to face two kinds of pressures, one is from work , and the other is from their family.
This article will explore the origin and content of the policy of the French family policy, and as a starting point to examine the French family policy, and the policy challenges of the future with Prospects female perspective. Because French family policy not only maintain economic development, but also
more stable population structure, and provide adequate social welfare and family policy in France to alleviate the pressure of women, so that women can balance work and family.
Moreover, the French family policy in response to changes in the structure of society and the family continue to make the appropriate adjustments, to strengthen family functioning and effectively improve the birth rate, so France is also regarded as a model of family policy.

並列關鍵字

French family policy ； child care ； family allowances ； parental leave ； feminist

參考文獻

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