混合式調頻質塊阻尼器應用於三層樓房屋振動台試驗

Shake Table Test of a 3-Story Building Using Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper (HTMD)

陳義緯(Yi-Wei Chen)

指導教授 ： 吳重成

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00221

摘要

因為地震每年在世界各地造成巨大損失，使用控制之概念來改善土木結構之動力特性已是國內外工程界潮流所趨。本論文嘗試於三層樓鋼架縮尺模型中裝設混合式調頻質塊阻尼器(Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper，HTMD)，利用淡江大學土木系之振動台，進行減振研究。
以系統識別的方法建立一數學模型，稱為全階系統，模擬裝設HTMD後三層樓鋼架縮尺模型同時受控制命令輸入與振動台擾動時之動態反應。數學模型亦考慮了致動器所產生之時間延遲問題。利用全階系統，經由平衡降階、選擇適當物理量作為回饋，以LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian)控制律設計控制器，並加以離散化得到離散化動態回饋方程式。由離散化動態回饋方程式配合量測到的物理量計算得到即時之控制命令。控制主要目的為降低樓層之間相對位移與各樓層絕對加速度。
將設計之LQG控制器，應用於裝置HTMD之三層樓鋼架縮尺模型，分別使用數筆地震資料同時考慮模型時間縮尺，進行振動台實驗。同時當無控制命令輸入時減振機構即成為被動之調頻質塊阻尼器 (Tuned Mass Damper，TMD)，可以做相互比較。本論文中亦在三層樓鋼架縮尺模型上架設主動質塊驅動器(Active Mass Driver，AMD)，以相同之流程設計LQG控制器，進行減振之比較。
AMD、TMD與HTMD三種減振架構使用相同的外加質量，由時間域和頻率域分析可知，若適當地調整控制之權重，HTMD有優異之減振效果。LQG控制於AMD與HTMD可充分發揮其控制效果。此外，混合式控制以量測絕對加速度做為回饋控制的方式，經由震動台實驗驗證之後，證明其理論確實可行且獲得良好之控制效果。

關鍵字

混合式控制 ； 混合式調頻質塊阻尼器(HTMD) ； 鋼架縮尺模型 ； 震動台試驗 ； 系統識別 ； LQG理論 ； 動態輸出回饋

並列摘要

As earthquakes had brought terrible losses all over the world in every year, the use of control devices to improve dynamic characteristic of civil structures has become widely accepted in civil engineering. In this research, an hybrid tuned mass damper (HTMD) was constructed and equipped at the top floor of the scaled model of a 3-story frame building to verify its applicability using the shaking table in the department of Civil Engineering, Tamkang University.
Firstly, a mathematical model called full-order-system was identified to simulate the dynamic behavior of the 3-story model equipped with an HTMD under the excitations of the actuator command and shaking table. In this system, the possible control-structure interaction induced by the actuator has been taken into account. Through the balanced-state reduction and the choice of the appropriate physical quantities for feedback, the LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) control law was used to design the controllers. For implementation, the discrete dynamic output feedback equation was formed and directly used for calculating the controller command in real time. The control purpose is to reduce the adjacent drifts between floors and the absolute acceleration of building floors.
The LQG controllers designed were implemented on the 3-story building equipped with an HTMD by conducting shake table tests. The time scaling factor was considered in the tests. A passive tuned mass damper (TMD), which is corresponding to HTMD with no control command, and another type of active devices – active mass driver (AMD) were both installed on the same building model for the comparisons of their control effectiveness. In designing the controllers for the building with an AMD, the LQG strategy following the same procedures as in the HTMD case was employed.
From the time domain and frequency domain analyses of the experimental results, we found that the HTMD has a remarkable effect on reducing the response if the weightings were appropriately adjusted. It is also shown that the application of LQG strategy to the building with AMD or HTMD can achieve good performance. Furthermore, the hybrid control using acceleration feedback was demonstrated to be a promising way for response reduction of buildings.

並列關鍵字

Hybrid Control ； Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper (HTMD) ； Scaled Model ； Shake Table Test ； System Identification ； Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Method ； Dynamic Output Feedback Control

參考文獻

20. Mitsou Sakamoto, Takuji Kobori, Toshikazu Yamada, Motoichi Takahashi, “Pratical Applictioms of Active and Hybrid Response Control Systems and Their Verifications by Earthquake and Strong Wind Observations,” Proceedings of the First World Conference on Structural Control, Vol. 1, pp. WP2 90-99 (1994).

17. S. J. Dyke, B. F. Spencer, A. E. Belknap, K. J. Ferrell, P. Quast and M. K. Sain, “Absolute Acceleration Feedback Control Strategies for the Active Mass Driver,” Proceedings of the First World Conference on Structural Control Vol 2, pp. TP1: 51-60 (1994).

2. J. P. Den Hartog, Mechanical Vibration, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New york (1956).

4. G. B. WarBurton, “Optimum absorbers for simple systems”, Erarthquake Engineeringand Structural Dynamics, Vol.8, pp.197-217 (1980).

5. G. B. WarBurton, “Optimum Absorbers Parameters for Various Combinations of Response and Excitation Parameters”, Erarthquake Engineeringand Structural Dynamics, Vol.10, pp.381-401 (1982).