馬來西亞與新加坡族群政策之比較－以馬哈迪與李光耀時期為例

A Comparative Study of Racial Policies Between Malaysia and Singapore: Mahathir bin Mohammed vs. Lee Kuan Yew

吳雅芬(Yan-Fen Wu)

指導教授 ： 顏建發

淡江大學/國際研究學院/東南亞研究所碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.00366

摘要

本論文是以位階的觀點為分析框架，並藉由衝突論與文化多元論為基礎，以比較馬來西亞與新加坡的族群政策與族群關係，特別是以馬哈迪與李光耀時期為例。

本研究結果獲致下列結論：
1. 馬國族群政策有抑制先進的策略
2. 馬國族群政策傾向種族主義（種族利益優先）
3. 馬國憲法為「語戲性憲法」
4. 馬國族群位階呈現歸屬地位
5. 馬克思經濟決定論的反撲
6. 華族內部矛盾造成反動力量的薄弱
7. 獨立後的馬國延續殖民時期的族群階序化與矛盾

馬來西亞的族群政策，不僅深刻地影響境內的族群關係，造成族群間的紛擾對立，甚至國家發展也深受其害；反觀新加坡，採公平正義的權力分配，進而使國家社會減少內耗，各族群團結齊心為國家發展而努力，故族群關係相較於馬國穩定許多。
最後，從本論文的分析比較中梳理出一些進一步反思的線索，值得我們從中思考學習。

關鍵字

馬來西亞 ； 新加坡 ； 族群政策 ； 衝突論 ； 文化多元論

並列摘要

In terms of “hierarchy,” this thesis adopts both conflict theory and cultural pluralism as the theoretical basis for the comparison between Mahathir bin Mohammed and Lee Kuan Yew regarding their racial policies.

The thesis has reached several concluding remarks as follow:
1. Malaysia's racial policy is designed to restrain the economic superiority of the Chinese;
2. Malaysia's racial policy inclines to racism(racial priorities);
3. The constitution of Malaysia is categorized as “semantic constitution”;
4. The racial ranks in Malaysia displays an ascribed status;
5. Karl Marx's theory of economic determination strikes back;
6. The contradictions within the Chinese community weaken the reaction;
7. Malaysia continues the racial ranking/hierarchies and the contradiction inherited from the colonial era.

Malaysia's racial policy not only deeply affects the racial relations,causes confrontations and turmoil, and even the development of the nation is crippled by it ; on the other hand, stressing just and equal distribution of power, all the races in Singapore work together for the national development with less internal conflicts. In contrast to Malaysia, Singapore is much more stable.

Finally, this thesis will point out some clues learned from this research, which is worth pondering with.

並列關鍵字

Malaysia ； Singapore ； Racial Policies ； conflict theory ； cultural pluralism

參考文獻

1. Abdul Rahman Embong（2002）

Singapore University，PHD.

The Masked Comrades: A Study of the Communist United Front in Malaya，1945-48

British Military Administration in the Far East 1943-46，London: H.M.S.O.

Growth and Ethnic Inequality：Malaysia’s New Economic Policy，