鄉村住宅西向臥室通風隔熱改善策略模擬研究

正當環境不斷的惡化時，人類要面對的是極端的氣候，氣候變遷、風災問題以及未來的海平面上升等等都是與我們生活環境相扣的議題，在過去都是以環境融入建築，但到最後面臨死亡的卻是環境，顯然建築對環境帶來的衝擊造成很大的傷害。此研究的目的是要建立一套改善的策略，並以西向臥室為主，幫助西向空間的降溫與通風，讓現有建築物在不變更結構的情況下，能夠以此研究的通風隔熱策略改善西曬的熱環境;因此，希望藉由本次研究，針對台灣西向臥室能有效的幫助降溫與通風。在本研究所使用的策略分別有(一)現況自然通風:以改善使用者使用門窗習慣，改變開窗模式並以自然通風的方式模擬，是否有效增加通風與降低溫度;(二)機械通風A組:此機械通風設置在室內最高處的位置，以此方式增加垂直空間的距離，增加垂直通風的可能性，以此方式將西向臥室的熱空氣往上抽並排出;(三)水霧+機械通風:選出前者兩階段較佳的通風方式加上水物，以水霧的物理現象幫助降溫，可以利用機械抽風將熱排出和建築立面的水霧降溫。經由本研究模擬可得以下結果: 1. 單純改善門窗的使用習慣，即可改變通風環境，但對於風速2.3m/s的環境下形成的自然通風，無法有效地將熱環境排出。 2. 若要透過機械通風改善通風環境必須將抽風口設置在室內最高處，增加垂直向量的距離。降低機械抽風位置縮短垂直向量距離，改善的只有水平向量的通風。 3. 當遇到環境為37.4度C時、風速2.2m/s，最好的降溫策略就是使用機械通風A組+水霧降溫，並停於二樓空間較舒適。

關鍵字

CFD ；西向建築；通風模擬；降溫模擬

並列摘要

Extreme weather, unexpected climate change, storm problem and the upcoming rise of sea level etc are the environmental issues that related to our daily lives especially when the natural environment has been deteriorated ceaselessly. Since the old days nature has been the one to blend in architecture but also the one that faces degradation and destruction. Apparently, architecture has taken its toll on the natural environment. The objective of this research is to create a set of strategy to improve the quality of west-oriented bedroom as in the aspects of its cooling and ventilation system in such spaces facing west. Hence this research of ventilation and thermal insulation strategy is intended to improvise the hot and stuffiness of a room with western exposure without changing the structural system of the existing building. Through this investigation it aims to resolve the issue of cooling and ventilation system efficiently in bedrooms that are facing west in Taiwan. This research applies strategies which are (1) existing natural ventilation: to improve the habit of building user utilizing the door and window openings, change the mode of opening windows through the simulation of natural ventilation, to investigate whether if it efficiently induces ventilation and cool down the temperature; (2) mechanical ventilation system Group A: To set the mechanical ventilation system at the highest spot of the interior room to increase the perpendicular distance of the vertical space and to increase the possibility of vertical ventilation. Through this method the hot air in the west oriented bedroom is suctioned upwards and eliminated out of the building; (3) Water mist + mechanical ventilation system: to choose the former two phases with better ventilation method with the aid of water mist, applying the physical phenomena of water mist in cooling down the temperature, utilizing the mechanical extractor to eliminate the heat and reduce the temperature through water mist running on the building façade. The outcomes of this research of simulation: 1. Purely improve the habit of utilizing the doors and windows to improvise the ventilation of the environment. However, in the interior environment with wind speed of 2.3m/s by natural ventilation, the heat of the interior is not able to be eliminated efficiently. 2. To improve the ventilated spaces through mechanical ventilation system, it is suggested to locate the vent outlet at the highest spot of the interior room, to increase the distance of vertical vector of air circulation. Locating the outlet of the vent at lower spot in the room decreases the distance of the vertical vector of air circulation, it can only improve the ventilation effect in horizontal vector. 3. In interior environment with temperature of 37.4 degree Celsius and wind speed of 2.2m/s, the best cooling strategy is to use the mechanical ventilation system Group A + water mist cooling method, and to locate the system at the second floor to bring more comfort.