《典論．論文》與〈文賦〉比較研究

The Research of 《DIAN LUN.LUN WEN》as compared with 〈WEN FU>

陳春滿(Chun-Man Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳慶煌

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2006.00390

摘要

文學是人類重要的精神糧食之一，而人類的生活牽動著文學的發展。魏晉時期學術風氣丕變，連帶影響文學的發展，於是進入「文學的覺醒時代」，文學不再是學術附屬品，而是獨立的藝術品。

本文探討的是：最早提出文學批評的文論──《典論．論文》──提出的眾多觀點牽動著後人在文學創作上的認知。曹丕在《典論．論文》中提出「文學不朽」的文學主張，使士子為文不僅僅是抒發情志而已，更將之視為名垂千古的功業，此外，他亦提出文學分類及美的追求意識，開啟了純文學的新路線。在曹丕觀念的影響下，文學批評產生新觀念，陸機〈文賦〉於焉產生。
〈文賦〉是中國第一篇賦作的文論，其主要的論點是：澄清文學價值，及文意之間的關係，又將文體作更進一步的分析，最重要的是提出文學形式的要求，及文學藝術美的準則。大體而言，陸機的文學觀較曹丕進步許多，而且他也提出完整的創作論，這是文論史上的一大突破。

又，本文研究內容的結構，以分析《典論．論文》與〈文賦〉內涵為主體，進而探究曹丕、陸機與其文學之間的對照，了解其人生歷程與其作品的關聯性，對於兩文論述的文學觀點的異同加以比較，最後審視這兩篇文論在文學理論史上的地位，及對後世的貢獻與影響。

本文的分析乃在於說明「文學的覺醒」，帶來的是「為藝術而藝術」的美的意識覺醒。這對文學發展而言是具正面的意義與價值。

關鍵字

典論．論文 ； 文賦 ； 曹丕 ； 陸機

並列摘要

Literature is one of the most important food for man’s spirit, and
man’s life involves the development of literature. In Wei-jihn period,
academic style totally changed, which involved the development of
literature, so “the Literature Awareness Age ” entered. Literature is
no longer the belongings to academy, but an individual art.

The text discusses that many ideas which were stated in the earliest
literature criticism, «DIAN LUN. LUN WEN», involved the literature creation
Cognition after. Cao Pi expressed the belief of literature, “the Immortality of the
literature”, in «DIAN LUN. LUN WEN», which made the literate wrote not only for
blowing their emotion and ambition but for the immortal achievement. Besides, he
also expressed the concepts of l classification of literature and pursuit of beauty,
which guided the new way for pure literature. Affected by Cao’s ideas, literature
criticism caused new concept, so Liu Ji’s «WEN FU» was given birth.

«WEN FU» is the first literature criticism of Fu in Chinese history. The main
ideas are the purification of the literature value, the connection among composition
meanings, the further analysis of style of writing, and the most important of all, the
demand for literature formality and the standard of the literature art beauty. Generally
speaking, Liu’s literature philosophy is much progressed than Cao’s, and Liu stated
the complete creation theory, which is the great break in literature criticism theory.

The structure of this study is composed of the analyses of «DIAN LUN. LUN
WEN» and «WEN FU» , in order to explore the comparison of Cao Pi and Liu Ji, and
their literature woks to understand the connection of their life experience and works,
and to compare the similarities and differences in literature perspectives stated in the two articles.
At last, I examine the literature theory history positions of those two literature criticisms, and contribution and effect toward people after. The analysis in this essay is to clarify the awareness of consciousness of beauty, the concept of “art for art itself ”, was brought by “the Literature Awareness”, which has positive meaning and value for literature development.

並列關鍵字

DIAN LUN.LUN WEN ； WEN FU ； CAO PI ； LIU JI

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